
An integrated flood risk modelling framework was developed to determine how climate change and sea level rise will influence typhoon flood risk in Shanghai, and resulting damages to residents, businesses, and industries, as well as to investigate the effect of proposed infrastructure and adaptation measures on the reduction of this flood risk. The team found that flood risk increases in general due to sea level rise, while the geographic location of heaviest flood risk moves northward as typhoon tracks shift. This leads to a shift in risk distribution between domestic vs. foreign-owned businesses due to their geographic settings.