Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a fast−growing sector with the ability to evoke a revolution in manufacturing due to its almost unlimited design freedom and its capability to produce personalised parts locally and with efficient material use. AM companies however still face technological challenges such as limited precision due to shrinkage and build−in stresses and limited process stability and robustness. Moreover often post−processing is needed due to the high roughness and remaining porosity. In addition qualified, trained personnel is hard to find. This ITN project will address both the technological and people challenges. To quality assure the parts produced, PAM² will, through a close collaboration between industry and academia, address each of the various process stages of AM with a view to implementing good precision engineering practice. To ensure the availability of trained personnel, ESRs will, next to their individual research and complementary skills training, be immersed in the whole AM production chain through hands−on workshops where they will design, model, fabricate, measure and assess a specific product. The expected impact of PAM² thus is: 1. The availability of intersectoral and interdisciplinary trained professionals in an industrial field that's very important for the future of Europe, both enhancing the ESR future career perspectives and advancing European industry. 2. The availability of high precision AM processes through improved layout rules with better use of AM possibilities, better modelling tools for first−time right processing, possibility for in−situ quality control ensuring process stability and, if still needed, optimised post−processing routes 3. As a result of 1: an increased market acceptance and penetration of AM. 4. Through the early involvement of European industry: a growing importance of the European industrial players in this fast−growing field. This will help Europe reach its target of 20% manufacturing share of GDP.

Up to 700,000 citizens in Europe have undergone ostomy surgery; up to 60% of individuals with an ostomy will never undergo a reversal operation. Approximately 140,000 new stomas are performed every year in Europe and 120,000 in the USA. Patients with a conventional ileostomy have to continuously wear a stoma bag attached to the abdomen for collection of feces. Despite the availability of a large number of light weight, hygienic and discrete bags, many patients suffer from complications such as skin problems, leakage and odor, and for some the mere change of body image results in social isolation. At times, life for many stoma patients means difficult situations when the stoma controls their lives. The disruptive Transcutaneous Implant Evacuation System (TIES®) is a result of several years of research combined with the latest 3D manufacturing technology. It consists of a small tube made of pure titanium surrounded by a porous structure which allows smooth integration with the body tissues. The implant is built up layer by layer into one solid piece with 3D laser sinthering technology. This produces a unique structure with optimized surfaces and enables the use of a material that is clean and without impurities; together these factors promote reliable tissue ingrowth. A first of its kind, TIES will eliminate seepage, odor, noise, and the need for permanently wearing stoma appliance – offering a great improvement in quality of life in patients with ileostomy. The TIES emptying solution also provides a “non skin touch” way to drain the waste, eliminating the skin problems.