In Papua Indonesia P. falciparum and P. vivax exert a considerable burden of disease. Almost a third of hospitalized infants have a patent parasitaemia with infections associated with high rates of severe anaemia and respiratory insufficiency. Clinical malaria is a major contributor to infant mortality rates that exceeds 68/1000 live births. Following a series of clinical trials, the first line treatment for malaria in Papua, including in infants was changed to dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DH P) in 2006. However, symptoms of infant malaria are not specific and the diagnosis is often missed and the specific treatment strategy in this age group has not been well defined. I propose to compare the effectiveness of intermittent screening and treatment for malaria using DHP to current practice of passive detection in symptomatic infants. I will also conduct a clinical and pharmacokinetic study of 200 infants to determine the efficacy of DHP in infancy and whether dosing strategies could be improved. The results of my research will have direct relevance to policy makers seeking to reduce the burden of malaria locally, nationally and internationally.