Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is an abrupt cessation of cardiac activity with hemodynamic collapse. If corrective measures are not taken, this condition rapidly progresses to death. It is the leading cause of death in both developed as well as developing countries and accounts for more than half of deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases1. For the world, the estimated annualburden of SCA is 4-5 million cases2. No data is available from India, however it is extrapolated (based on the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases) that approximately 0.8-1 million SCA occur annually. The poor survival following SCA still remains challenge in both developed and developing countries. The situation in developing countries is dismal as less than 1% people survive after SCA as against 5% in developed countries3,4. Manual chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the keymeasure for managing such patients. It consists of two phases: an active compression and a passive decompression (recoil) phase. The mechanics of bloodflow during chest compression include either a "cardiac pump mechanism" in which the heart is squeezed between sternum and vertebral column or a "thoracic pump mechanism" in which increased intra-thoracic pressure due to compression results in forward cardiac output. The recoil of the chest wall results in venous return to the heart 5-9. Effective manual chest compressionsduring CPR can generate only 20-40% of normal blood flow to the brain and 10-20% to the heart10. Also, manual compression has several limitations, whichinclude inconsistency in depth and rate of compression, rescuer's fatigue during prolonged CPR, frequent interruptions, and challenges of providing CPR during transport. This eventually results in ineffective forward blood flow and poor outcomes in these patients 11-15. Various automated mechanical devices address the lacunae in manual chest compressions in developed countries. These devices use either sternal (Michigan Instruments/Life-Stat , Jolife/LUCAS ) or circumferential (Revivant Corporation/ AutoPulse?) chest compression16-23. The decompression phase is passive in majority of these mechanical devices. LUCAS has additional featureof active decompression of sternum by applying active suction during that phase. Despite of encouraging results in animal testing, to date none of thesedevices have consistently shown to be superior to standard manual CPR in improving long-term survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest 24. These arecostly devices and currently none is available in India. The reluctance for usage of these devices is mainly from affordability and awareness about the same. With the proposed automated device, we intend to use combined mechanism to achieve maximum blood flow during CPR. The device has a unique belt element integrated with central cup and multiple suction clamps. The belt, when constricted (with motorized drive) exerts uniform force on antero-lateral chest wall. We believe that this mimics the thoracic pump mechanism by causingblood to flow from pulmonary vasculature into systemic circulation; heart merely acting as a conduit 8,9. Additional sternal compression by the central cup will be timed at the end of constriction. This will predominantly achieve
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