To secure a continued supply of safe, tasty, affordable and functional/healthy proteins while supporting Net Zero goals and future-proofing UK food security, a phased-transition towards low-emission alternative proteins (APs) with a reduced reliance on animal agriculture is imperative. However, population-level access to and acceptance of APs is hindered by a highly complex marketplace challenged by taste, cost, health and safety concerns for consumers, and the fear of diminished livelihoods by farmers. Furthermore, complex regulatory pathways and limited access to affordable and accessible scale-up infrastructure impose challenges for industry and SMEs in particular. Synergistic bridging of the UK's trailblazing science and innovation strengths in AP with manufacturing power is key to realising the UK's ambitious growth potential in AP of £6.8B annually and could create 25,000 jobs across multiple sectors. The National Alternative Protein Innovation Centre (NAPIC), a cohesive pan-UK centre, will revolutionise the UK's agri-food sector by harnessing our world-leading science base through a co-created AP strategy across the Discovery?Innovation?Commercialisation pipeline to support the transition to a sustainable, high growth, blended protein bioeconomy using a consumer-driven approach, thereby changing the economics for farmers and other stakeholders throughout the supply chain. Built on four interdisciplinary knowledge pillars, PRODUCE, PROCESS, PERFORM and PEOPLE covering the entire value chain of AP, we will enable an efficacious and safe translation of new transformative technologies unlocking the benefits of APs. Partnering with global industry, regulators, investors, academic partners and policymakers, and engaging in an open dialogue with UK citizens, NAPIC will produce a clear roadmap for the development of a National Protein Strategy for the UK. NAPIC will enable us to PRODUCE tasty, nutritious, safe, and affordable AP foods and feedstocks necessary to safeguard present and future generations, while reducing concerns about ultra-processed foods and assisting a just-transition for producers. Our PROCESS Pillar will catalyse bioprocessing at scale, mainstreaming cultivated meat and precision fermentation, and diversify AP sources across the terrestrial and aquatic kingdoms of life, delivering economies of scale. Delivering a just-transition to an AP-rich future, we will ensure AP PERFORM, both pre-consumption, and post-consumption, safeguarding public health. Finally, NAPIC is all about PEOPLE, guiding a consumers' dietary transition, and identifying new business opportunities for farmers, future-proofing the UK's protein supply against reliance on imports. Working with UK industry, the third sector and academia, NAPIC will create a National Knowledge base for AP addressing the unmet scientific, commercial, technical and regulatory needs of the sector, develop new tools and standards for product quality and safety and simplify knowledge transfer by catalysing collaboration. NAPIC will ease access to existing innovation facilities and hubs, accelerating industrial adoption underpinned by informed regulatory pathways. We will develop the future leaders of this rapidly evolving sector with bespoke technical, entrepreneurial, regulatory and policy training, and promote knowledge exchange through our unrivalled international network of partners across multiple continents including Protein Industries Canada and the UK-Irish Co-Centre, SUREFOOD. NAPIC will provide a robust and sustainable platform of open innovation and responsible data exchange that mitigates risks associated with this emerging sector and addresses concerns of consumers and producers. Our vision is to make "alternative proteins mainstream for a sustainable planet" and our ambition is to deliver a world-leading innovation and knowledge centre to put the UK at the forefront of the fights for population health equity and against climate change.

Fungal infections are a growing problem, now killing more people than tuberculosis or malaria globally. Unfortunately fungi are also becoming resistant to the main anti fungal drugs we use to treat them. We have show that this is due to mass use of antifungals in agriculture. These are needed because fungi are the main pathogens that destroy crops. Furthermore global warming is increasing the threat of fungi across plant, animal and human health. To combat this, new types of antifungal therapies are coming into medical use, however we are already seeing equivalent antifungals being used in agriculture, known as "dual-use". We urgently need a holistic framework to ensure that we don't lose the efficacy of anti fungal drugs, both as medicines and as fungicides, whilst ensuring that we can continue to ensure that our food supplies are protected. In order to address the issue of antifungal resistance we have developed a Fungal One Health and Antimicrobial Resistance Network. One health refers to approaches that seek to balance and optimise the health of people, animals and ecosystems. The key challenges we face our to be able to understand the specific reasons why emergence of anti fungal resistance occurs within a one health context, to develop early warning systems that allow us to know when resistance in occurring or spreading, to identify the key hot-spots in the environment where anti fungal resistance is occurring, and have better understanding of where antifungals are being used most across one health. This will allow us to identify appropriate countermeasures that allow us to deliver judicious stewardship of antifungals so they can be used appropriately to enable food security and animal and human health, whilst ensuring that the risk of anti fungal resistance is minimised. In order to address these challenges and deliver appropriate countermeasures we have brought together a diverse range of scientists from across the relevant disciplines, as well as key stakeholders from relevant government departments, healthcare, agrochemical and pharmaceutical industries and end users such as farmers and patients. They will contribute to 4 working groups that focus on 1: the underlying causes of dual use anti fungal resistance, 2: surveillance of anti fungal resistance, 3: understanding the role of agricultural waste streams and water as hotspots for antifungal resistance, and 4: developing countermeasures such as anti fungal stewardship and other interventions to mitigate the risk of antifungal resistance. Our key aims will be to advance our knowledge of the underlying drivers of dual use antifungal resistance, how this occurs within the ecosystem, to develop surveillance systems and antifungal stewardship toolkits. We will develop policy documents and white papers, undertake outreach with end users, the public, governmental bodies and NGOs. The Network will train the next generation of multidisciplinary researchers in this area and develop pragmatic research proposals to enable us to fight the spread of anti-fungal resistance.

Our vision is to maximise the food potential of UK pasture by using targeted chemical processing and novel biotechnology to convert grass into nutritious edible fractions for healthier and more affordable alternative foods, making UK agriculture more resilient and sustainable. Our proposal aims to use novel chemical processing methods to extract the central edible fractions from grass (protein, digestible carbohydrates, vitamins, lipids, fibre) before culturing the yeast Metschnikowia pulcherrima on the cellulosic fraction to produce mycoprotein and a lipid suitable as a palm oil substitute. These ingredients will then be combined in a range of alternative meat and dairy products, displacing environmentally damaging imported ingredients currently used. Further processing of the waste products from the process will produce nutrient rich fertilizers and help create a model for future circular farming economies. When optimised this process would only need 10 to 15kg of fresh grass (20% dry matter content) to produce 1kg of edible food ingredients, of which approximately 25% would be lipid and 35% protein. Whilst not entirely comparable on a nutritional basis this represents a ten-fold increase in productivity compared to cattle raised for meat, or twice the productivity of dairy cows. By converting grass into edible food components, a number of advantages are realised including: - UK produced substitutes for palm oil, soya protein, and other imported food ingredients. This has environmental benefits in the UK and abroad. It will provide UK produced healthy nutritional substitutes for ingredients grown on former rainforest sites, whilst significantly reducing food miles; - Produce UK food substitutes for over two billion pounds worth of annual food imports, with the opportunity to export significant quantities of surplus produce; - Improved UK resilience to climate change as grass is more resilient to flooding and other extreme weather conditions than most other crops; - As the process is feedstock agnostic, it should work equally well with wildflower rich pasture grass. This potentially enables the reintroduction of grasslands with greater biodiversity without having an impact on the grasses usability, an environmentally beneficial by-product of the process; - Providing a commercially viable non-livestock based market for forage production that would also allow arable land that is prone to flooding to profitably return to meadow grass production; - The profitable inclusion of grass in arable rotations to help combat blackgrass and other pesticide resistant weeds; - At present, in some areas it is uneconomic to build and maintain livestock fencing, resulting in grassland in these regions having little commercial agricultural value. These grasslands will now become commercially viable, and contribute to UK food production; - Limited risk in scaling up as there is no need to invest in new farm machinery, existing forage equipment and storage facilities will suffice and the bio-processing technology is mature and already used for many other industrial applications; - Opportunities for investment in a new UK food industry; - With the production of more digestible fractions, this project would produce more sustainable, UK sourced, feed for monogastric livestock; - Initial research suggests that sufficient unutilised grass is available for the P2P process, therefore, this system should have little or no impact on grass supplies for dairy and livestock farming.

This project makes a path-breaking contribution to the agenda for tackling antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by focusing scoping research and significant networking events on a link that has so far been missing from academic and policy debate - the pivotal role of corporate food retailers. The aim of the project is to address the responsibility of retailers in tackling the AMR challenge in the context of their chicken and pork supply chains, and to investigate this evolving role and how it might be shaped in the future, in the UK and at a global scale. Against a backdrop of decades of intensive farming of animals involving the use of antibiotics, it is becoming clearer that while antimicrobials are a necessary tool to maintain health and welfare on the farm, the key issue is their inappropriate and disproportionate use in animals thereby reducing availability for humans. There is food industry-wide concern that this is leading to growing resistance amongst certain bacteria such as Salmonella, Campylobacter and E-coli, placing pressure on the sector to develop and implement standards for more responsible use. Supermarket chains are a key set of actors strategically positioned to address the global challenge of reducing antibiotic use in food supply chains and raising consumer awareness as part of tackling AMR. The project will address the role of retailers in navigating the AMR challenge through their overseas as well as their national store networks, and through supply chains that flow through spaces of the global South as well as the North. Specifically, the project addresses this role by proposing scoping research and dissemination events in the UK, where policy leadership is acknowledged and where corporate retail power is well-established. Driving the momentum of the project's policy engagement will be the support of the UK government's Food Standards Agency (FSA) as a Project Partner facilitating both a pre-project scoping workshop and a dissemination workshop at the end of the research. This reflects close alignment between the project's objectives and the emerging priorities of the FSA. The objectives of the project are: (i) to map and model the current AMR challenge involving corporate food retailers through their chicken and pork supply chains; (ii) to evaluate current and evolving corporate retail strategies and standards in the UK for reducing antibiotic use in chicken and pork supply chains; (iii) to consider the role of consumer engagement in raising standards for responsible use of antibiotics in farming; and (iv) to facilitate increased dialogue between corporate food retailers and wider institutional policy and scientific networks in the UK, in order to shape future strategy for tackling AMR. These objectives will be met through four project phases conducted over eighteen months and involving both quantitative and qualitative methods that include: the mapping and modelling with trade data of the AMR problem facing UK corporate food retailers in their supply chains; interviews with retailers' food technologists and food standards policy-makers in the UK; and interviews with a sample of UK meat producers. A project website, a stakeholder report and an end-of-project workshop in London will complement academic publications, in order to communicate the findings of the scoping research to non-academic beneficiaries and to shape evolving strategy regarding corporate food retailers' roles and responsibilities in tackling AMR.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a multifaceted, wicked problem. Evolution of resistant microbes can arise anywhere along agrifood chains, leading to diseases that cannot be treated by currently used medicines. Human, animal, plant and environmental health are interconnected; actions such as antimicrobial use (AMU) in one sector, may influence AMR arising in another. National and global movements of people, animals and goods therefore creates a web of factors that influence AMR, necessitating systems-based approaches to effectively tackle problems. AMR transcends disciplinary boundaries, requiring collaboration amongst human and veterinary healthcare professionals, researchers from multiple disciplines, policymakers, regulators and the agriculture sector. The benefit of the AMAST (AMr in Agrifood Systems Transdisciplinary) Network is that it brings together, for the first time, actors from diverse backgrounds across agrifood systems to co-develop solutions to AMR challenges through collaboration, dialogue and action. Our aims are to CREATE a transdisciplinary community that bridges the range of research expertise, working together and directly with industry and policymakers, to collectively consider complex configurations in agrifood systems. We will HARNESS the collective strength of experience and expertise of our members to fully understand the challenges and opportunities to mitigate AMR in agrifood including across production systems, such as crop, livestock and aquaculture. From this understanding, and the collaborative resolve established amongst the AMAST membership, we will PREPAREnew systems-level frameworks for transdisciplinary research and partnership that acknowledge the dynamic interactions between actors within those agrifood systems. These frameworks will be used to guide understanding on (new) interventions on AMU and other AMR-promoting practices, that will lead to reductions in AMR in targeted agrifood subsystems, whilst minimising unintended consequences in others to achieve holistically beneficial outcomes. AMAST has been initiated by researcher coalition and partners from across the United Kingdom, representing agrifood-related trade and farming associations, agrifood research and innovation institutes, business development consultants, food-sector networks, government-led AMR surveillance initiatives, and other AMR-focussed networks. The formation and progression of AMAST will be guided by an expert panel, sharing their perspectives on AMR and connections related to infectious disease, aquaculture, livestock, food systems, food safety and transdisciplinary research partnering approaches. Core activities encompassed in 11 objectives at the outset of AMAST will be driven by meaningful engagement between industry, policy and academic researchers in a series of directed-events to understand varying perspectives, expertise and accompanying evidence on current food production processes that exacerbate AMR; and the challenges of moving away from current practices to mitigate AMR without compromising yield, quality and welfare. These events will include stakeholder interviews, workshops, and horizon-scanning activities, knowledge synthesis and authentically focused knowledge-exchange outputs such as perspective ('white') papers. These activities will inform subsequent programming to be developed within AMAST, including use of AMAST Flexible Funds supporting collaborative activities such as targeted researcher and industry short-term-scientific-missions, an AMAST Fellowship training that is authentic to AMR challenges, and further knowledge synthesis activities. Visibility of AMAST outputs and capacity building within and outside the network will occur using a tailored communication strategy and creative multimedia.