Following the trend set by the Grenelle II law, the urban planning exercise is an appropriate setting for the integration of energy and climate issues in public policies. However, if it provides a framework for project planning, it does not support its implementation, and is an exercise limited to a given territory. To facilitate this implementation, the MApUCE project aims to integrate in urban policies and most relevant legal documents quantitative data from urban microclimate, climate and energy, in a process applicable to all cities of France. The primary objective of this project is to obtain climate and energy quantitative data from numerical simulations, focusing on building energy consumption in the residential and service sectors, which represents 41% of the final energy consumption. We propose to develop, using national databases, a generic and automated method for generating in France and at the scale of urban blocks, the urban architectural, geographical and sociological parameters necessary for energy simulations. In terms of models, the project will use the urban climate model TEB, which includes a building energy module. We will develop a model of energy consumer behaviour in order to further refine energy consumption calculations within TEB. The resulting climate-energy-behaviour coupled model will be applied to a broad range of French cities, to establish a climate-related energy diagnosis across France for current or future (2050) climates. The second objective of the project is to propose a methodology to integrate quantitative data in legal proceedings and urban policies. We plan to work on all planning documents to identify the potential levers for change and the relevant scales regardless of the territories and engineering in place. We will analyse the legal documents to determine how the existing legal systems integrate or not the energy-climate issues. We will then study the implementation policies and few “best cases” in order to evaluate their performances. Finally, based on urban planning agencies requirements, we will define vectors to pass on quantified energy-climate data to legal urban planning documents. These vectors have to be understandable by urban planners and contain the relevant information. These could be urban climate maps. The relevance of the project is to integrate these vectors in the documents and practices that have the greatest potential. Three experiments are planned in Toulouse, Aix en Provence and La Rochelle to confront the developed tools to actual planning approaches. To meet these challenges, the project is organized around strongly interdisciplinary partners in the following fields: law, urban climate, building energetics, architecture, sociology, geography and meteorology, as well as the national federation of urban planning agencies. In terms of results, the cross-analysis of input urban parameters and urban micro-climate-energy simulated data will be available on-line as standardized maps for each of the studied cities. The urban parameter production tool as well as the models will be available as open-source. Finally, in response to the main goal of the project, a guide providing a method of implementation in different legal and incentive documents will be produced. It will identify the levers that improve the implementation of energy savings and climate management policies by integrating them into planning mechanisms "at the right time, at the right place, with the right tool".

Beyond the many victims of the pandemic, all citizens may have been affected in their daily lives, and are likely to be affected in the long term, by the economic and social consequences of the Covid-19 health crisis. Everyone has been confined (except for some particular professions), but certainly not in the same way: containment has revealed not only inequalities in relation to illness and social ties, but also in relation to housing and work. Similarly, the denial of liberty (and in particular freedom of movement and assembly) during confinement did not apply to everyone in the same way. Did it only update the social inequalities that already existed under normal circumstances? Did it exacerbate them? Did it introduce new ones? In terms of social relations, which ones have become stronger, weaker or worse? How did French people stand loneliness or, on the contrary, cohabitation in confinement? Research on social networks has shown that personal relationships are crucial resources, just as material resources, and that they function as a “social capital” that can be mobilized throughout the life course. What impact in the short, medium and longer term will the Covid-19 crisis have on our personal networks, on our relationships with our relatives, friends, neighbors and colleagues? To answer these questions, there is a major challenge in developing large-scale research that will make it possible to precisely measure the effects, over time, of this crisis on the living and working conditions of the French, on the ways in which they live and move around, and on the forms of sociability and solidarity that are at the basis of social cohesion. With this in mind, the VICO project aims to conduct a broad longitudinal survey. The distinctive feature of this survey: it is based on a large sample of the ordinary population having experienced confinement in France in the spring of 2020; it will consist in several successive waves during which the members of the panel will be interviewed three times over a period of 15 months in total; and it will combine quantitative and qualitative approaches. In the urgency to collect solid scientific data during the event, but also with the opportunity to understand what is changing in our social life in times of crisis, a first group of researchers in sociology and social sciences has already teamed up to design, carry out and disseminate the first wave of this original longitudinal survey. The survey, based on an online questionnaire distributed during containment, received more than 16,000 responses. The objective of the VICO project is thus to add: 1. an additional wave of interview surveys, which are essential to seize the subjective experiences, representations and transformations of the respondents' values; and 2. a second wave of questionnaire survey 12 months after the first, i.e. one year after the confinement, to measure the sustainability of the social dynamics observed during this exceptional crisis. The overall goal of the project is to analyse the social consequences of the health crisis over time, in order to determine whether the changes were just transitory, or eventually prove more persistent. The financial, material and human resources requested in this ANR project will sustain the analyses of the data from the first wave of the survey, and the implementation of the quantitative and qualitative surveys of the two following waves.

Alzheimer Disease (AD) is a major public health issue with consequences for patients as well as for their caregivers and a high financial strain upon society. Attending a person with AD requires an ever-increasing amount of care. This is generally provided by the children or the spouse, who are indispensable to the AD patients’ well-being as they are best placed to identify their unique needs. As AD develops, patients require progressive and permanent mobilization. Researchers have therefore developed psychoeducational and cognitive support strategies to alleviate caregivers’ distress. These strategies help addressing problem solving issues, ‘burden’ and depressive symptoms with moderate effect-size, but often leave behind the positive aspects of the caregiver-patient relationship and a more generalised change of attitudes and behaviours in the context of caregiving. Moreover, considering the constraints to which caregivers can be subjected, existing supports cannot always fit with their objective availability and subjective readiness. In this perspective, PACIC aims to first test the feasibility and then the comparative effectiveness of 3 web-based psychological interventions for caregivers of patients with AD. PACIC proposes (1) an innovative caregiving supports centred on well-being and acceptance combined with (2) a web-based and self-training approach. The proposed program will comprise three different interventions strategies, which have already shown their potential in the framework of individualized support programmes and which still need to be tested in a web-based strategy: (1) mindfulness practice, (2) positive psychology and (3) acceptance and commitment approaches are evaluated as effective in conditions including mental health and chronic diseases. In PACIC, mindfulness exercises focus on formal meditation to limit painful ruminations. Positive psychology allows caregivers access to well-being opportunities directing their attention towards pleasurable experiences. Acceptance and commitment exercises aim to improve psychological flexibility and promote new adaptive ways of living as a caregiver. The proposed web-based and self-training planned interventions will be easy to understand, and of short daily duration. Concrete implementation will be at participants’ discretion, enabling them to adjust to their caregiving, family, and/or professional priorities. This is important as caregivers are often forced to drop out of support groups due to unpredictable circumstances or to exhaustion. The proposed web-based strategy is meant to be complementary to existing ones. Moreover, given both social and territorial inequalities in access to supports and a growing number of caregivers, PACIC aims to address these shortcomings allowing to "enter the patient’s home" and provide daily life and relation-based support. PACIC involves two main phases. Phase I explores the conditions of acceptability of this strategy with qualitative methods: thematic analysis of 30 interviews with caregivers on their motivations and expectations of such programmes, and focus groups with 20 professionals on their opinion on the acceptability among caregivers and their own attitude. Phase II will be devoted to the evaluation of the proposed intervention strategies. About 350 caregivers of patients with AD will be randomly assigned to 3 8-week groups and to a control one in which the usual information on the disease is provided to caregivers. The effects for each approach will be tested immediately after intervention and will be compared to pre-test. Effect persistence will be assessed with a follow-up at 6 months. Our project should ultimately lead to a website for caregiver support and self-training based on the best exercises identified among the 3 approaches. In its final form, the website will allow to customizing the optimal exercise combination and usage patterns, and flexibly adapt commitment to the changing needs of each participant.

The project Trajectories of Social-Ecological Systems in Latin American Watersheds: Facing Complexity and Vulnerability in the context of Climate Change (TRASSE) will aim at operationalising the framework of Social-Ecological Systems in rural-urban watersheds of Mexico, Colombia and France. Beyond pure descriptive operationalization the project will advance on a theory of change for the sustainability of complex human-nature systems. Such a theory of change will be developed through a retrospective historical and ecological analysis of past trajectories in combination with spatiotemporal prospective modelling.