RELIANCE will extend the EOSC service offering with a set of industry-strong, innovative, interconnected services for the open, efficient, and cross-disciplinary management of the research lifecycle. In accordance with FAIR and Open Science principles, it will adopt a holistic approach to address different research activities, spanning: discovery of and access to research data, methods and materials; extraction of valuable information from scientific literature; structuring data-driven scientific investigations as semantically rich research objects; FAIR-ness self-assessment; dynamic collaboration, sharing and dissemination considering the whole lifecycle as a first-class citizen; and supporting reproducibility, validation, versioning and reuse of research results. Core to the service portfolio are Research Objects as the overarching information artefact to manage research, Data Cubes for efficient and scalable structured data access and discovery, and Text Mining for the extraction of information from scientific text as machine-readable metadata. RELIANCE will pilot the services in three different Earth Science communities, fostering the use of Copernicus data and demonstrating their efficacy in real-life vertical and multi-disciplinary scenarios, and will launch an Open Call to engage other communities. The high-TRL research-enabling services portfolio will be onboarded in ESOC following established procedures, ensuring the interplay with cross-cutting and added value services, and following a user-centric approach. RELIANCE will expose its services via APIs and libraries, enabling their use via different frontends and Jupyter notebooks. RELIANCE brings into EOSC more than 3,000 research objects from research communities like Earth Science, represented by three project partners, but also others like Astrophysics and Bioinformatics, which have embraced research objects concept and tools, and will become the best ambassadors to enlarge and engage new communities

Geo-INQUIRE will provide and enhance access to selected key data, products, and services, enabling the dynamic processes within the geosphere to be monitored and modelled at new levels of spatial and temporal detail and precision. Geo-INQUIRE aims to overcome cross-domain barriers, especially the land-sea-atmosphere environments, and will exploit innovative data management techniques, modelling and simulations methods, developments in AI and big data, and extend existing data infrastructures to disseminate these resources to the wider scientific community, including the EOSC landscape. Geo-INQUIRE benefits from a unique partnership of 51 partners consisting of major national research institutes, universities, national geological surveys, and European consortia. Geo-INQUIRE will enhance and make interoperable the activities of the involved partners and conduct dedicated training programs for their optimal use. A portfolio of over 150 Virtual Access (VA) and Transnational Access (TA, both virtual and on-site) installations will be offered to the scientific community. While many such resources are already available at a high level of maturity, Geo-INQUIRE will ensure that they not only reach the highest level of scientific excellence through targeted actions on availability, quality, and spatial and temporal resolution, but also that they follow FAIR principles, adopt proper standards and open licenses, and aim at cross-disciplinary interoperability. Furthermore, the integration of different data, including new observables, products, and services will be optimized through TA activities via 6 test beds, which will also host workshops and summer schools dealing with the available resources. Ultimately, Geo-INQUIRE, with its enhanced data, product, and service portfolio, will enable the next generation of scientists to carry out leading-edge research addressing societal challenges from a multidisciplinary perspective, making intelligent use of these resources.

FORESEEING means “FrOm RupturE procesS to Earthquake Early warnING” and is a groundbreaking research project halfway between the investigation of the earthquake generation processes and the implementation of methods for real-time risk mitigation actions. Incredible progress in earthquake source characterization and modelling has been achieved in the last decades. However, the mechanism of nucleation, radiation and arrest of seismic fractures is still poorly understood and with that, the fundamental issue of seismology is still unsolved: “How do earthquakes begin and what does control their final size?” Within FORESEEING, I want to get to the bottom of the earthquake nucleation with all possible means. I want to solve the unsolved issue of how earthquakes start and understand the physical processes of their generation. Once this issue is understood, I want my research outcomes to become a concrete support for the community and be implemented into Earthquake Early Warning systems, for the prompt activation of emergency actions that can save lives, reduce damage, improve resilience. This will be achieved through an interdisciplinary research approach looking at the rupture process from different points of view. Real earthquake data will be used to find out evidence of the nucleation phase of seismic ruptures and to understand the relationship between the observed features of the initial recorded signals and the following evolution of the seismic ruptures. Laboratory experiments will allow to deeply understand which parameters may influence the rupture development and how they are involved in the process. Digital twins will give the chance to explore in great details the fracture processes during crustal earthquakes and investigate faulting mechanism in realistic conditions. The implementation of real-time algorithms for EEW will move the fundamental knowledge beyond the scientific research, becoming a tool to reduce the risk during major earthquakes.