Volcanoes are complex systems that transfer magma from deep storage zones to the surface through a set of dykes and conduits. At each level, numerous coupled phenomena modify the chemical and physical properties of the magma and the state of the surrounding medium, producing geophysical and geochemical signals that may be detected at the surface. In the case of andesitic volcanoes, magma reaches the surface as lava flows, domes that may destabilize gravitationally or explosively to form nuées ardentes (pyroclastic flows) that travel many kilometers along the flanks of the volcano or via vertical explosive columns of fragmented magma. These different eruptive styles generate drastically different human, structural and environmental impact. In order to improve our understanding of these magmatic processes and their interplay with eruptive dynamics, DOMERAPI project proposes a multi-disciplinary approach that involves and integrates petrological, geochemical and geophysical methods. This strategy is quite appropriate to understand complex dynamic systems where any individual technique would give only a narrow and limited perspective. DOMERAPI includes analysis of existing data, but also designs new and novel field observations and innovative laboratory experiments. As a major objective, results obtained by different disciplines will be integrated in numerical conduit flow models and interpreted in terms of physical processes, to assist in eruption forecasting and eruptive scenario definition on volcanoes forming lava domes. This project is focused on Merapi, the most active volcano of Indonesia, a target relevant in the framework of the CNRS/INSU “site instrumenté” VELI (Volcans Explosifs Laboratoires Indonésiens) and scientifically exceptionally challenging after the paroxysmal eruption of October-November 2010. Such a project provides the opportunity to investigate the transition between moderate and violent explosions related to dome growth and collapse and the long-term impacts of such an event on dome-forming type volcanoes. To reach that goal, the permanent monitoring system must be implemented with a dense multiparametric network of sensors with cutting-edge technology, making Merapi one of the best monitored volcanoes in the world. The results will have major implications for understanding magmatic processes, volcanoe monitoring, hazard assessment and risk reduction on other explosive island-arc volcanoes, such as the French volcanoes in the West Indies. This cooperative project brings together Indonesian and French research teams that are highly specialized in their own field, such as in volcano monitoring, experimental petrology, physical volcanology, geophysical structure imaging or numerical modeling of magmatic processes. It involves the four main French laboratories in this domain, which will reinforce the cohesion of this community and the synergy between the different disciplines of volcanology, a necessary condition to impulse volcanological research beyond the current state of the art. Associated American and German researchers will bring their scientific and technical expertise to this international exciting project. The partners are engaged in a common effort to pool their data and skills with the major objective of proposing an integrative model of Merapi’s eruptive behavior, one of the world’s most dangerous and populated volcano.

The “C and N Models Inter-comparison and Improvement to assess management options for GHG mitigation in agrosystems worldwide” (CN-MIP) addresses theme 1, topic 1 of the FACCE-JPI 2013 call. Our project will coordinate international development, evaluation and inter-comparison of agricultural process-based models to reduce uncertainty in estimating greenhouse gas emissions from crops, grassland and livestock systems. The project will focus on improving the simulation of management options to enable evaluation of credible mitigation strategies adapted to diverse agrosystems under different climatic conditions. CN-MIP responds to the priority of the core theme 5 "Mitigation of Climate Change" of the FACCE-JPI strategic research agenda, to improve the greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory methods, particularly the "certified" modellingTIER3 modelling approach for quantifying emissions and the effects of mitigation options. The project also supports initiatives outlined in the Global Research Alliance (GRA) on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases, which aim to improve measurement methodology and modelling, as well as inventory of GHG emissions and C sequestration in soils. The consortium comprises eleven partners: INRA (France), University of Aberdeen (UK), Helmholt-Zentrum Postam (GER), University of Florence (IT), CRA-Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura (IT), University of Milan (It), University of Sassari (IT), New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research (NZ), Colorado State University (USA), Woods Hole Research Center (USA), Queensland University of Technology (AU). The proposing partners are experienced modelers and experimentalists, already involved in internationally funded projects on measuring and modelling of greenhouse gas emissions,soil carbon sequestration, and reactive nitrogen, for a variety of agricultural conditions (annual crops, grasslands, tree crops) under temperate, Mediterranean and tropical conditions (GRA CN, Livestock and Cropland groups, AgMIP, MACSUR, Reactive N RCN, NANORP, etc.). This network will provide connections and sharing of models, modelling protocols and datasets, but also the necessary interactions with stakeholders. The project will be undertaken from January 2014 to December 2016, in 4 work packages (i) Definition of model data requirements, selection of process-based CN models (i.e. DNDC, DNDC mobile, DSSAT, Roth C, DayCent, PaSim, STICS, APSIM, EPIC, CN-SIM), selection of appropriate databases; (ii) development of common protocols for modelling and model inter-comparison; (iii) identification and testing of mitigation options, improvement of models for coverage, predictive capability and reliability; (iv) dissemination and training. Deliverables will be guidelines for the selection of database and the simulation of mitigation options, evaluation of uncalibrated and calibrated model performances for an array of GHG emission outputs, improved model tools, peer-reviewed research papers, communication and reports to policy makers and stakeholders, and training sessions for students and scientists.

The project’s main objective is to identify and analyse fluxes and patterns of internal and transborder human migration induced by climate change. The observational study will take place in the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) Delta in India and Bangladesh and the Mekong Delta in Viet Nam and Cambodia. The studies’ outputs will allow us to provide to governments and public actors involved accurate measures in a decision making process. These outputs will be based on the development of innovative analytical methodologies in order to support human migration and displacement and design adaptation solutions for local population. The cross-border aspect of these deltas and the issues they face by the diversity of their political links will allow the project to produce methodological tools and recommendations on migration management useful for the European Agenda on Migration. The project’s outputs will also respond to the objectives of the Paris Agreement in terms of local sustainable development. These two deltas (GBM and Mekong) are highly populated (respectively 1000 and 500 inhabitants/km2) and heavily exposed to monsoon, rainwater floods, flash floods, and cyclones floods as well as to the induced effects of climate change. Human Migration linked to climate change should lead by 2030 to a demographic spatial restructure of areas and territories already highly under pressure in most coastal and metropolitan cities. Access to services and housings for the new-comers are considered challenging for the hosting local authorities, notably in terms of forecasting urban planification and investment, in a precarious context of social and property policies. The project aims at an early stage, to produce tools to evaluate the vulnerability of human population migrating and local population in order to submit recommendations on land use planning on ‘under pressure urban and rural territories. Migration drivers are physical, social, and economic and differ according to the impacted communities. Risk perception is different for these communities, and their mitigation measures are usually traditional in terms of housing construction and adapted solutions. The project MOVINDELTA will include the integration of empirical analysis and computer-based social simulation modelling linking documentary evidence and socio-economic and -political data with model design, including a cognitive architecture, model source code and the outputs from simulation models. For the project considered as a whole, the specificity - and strength - of our consortium is to gather experts from very different fields, ranging from social and human sciences to fundamental environmental sciences. Our consortium has established a long-lasting collaborative framework with local institutes in Third as well as European countries working together on climate change, risks and vulnerability of population. Several projects in the GBM and Mekong deltas have been concluded successfully from this collaboration, leading to a strong network in the field of science, social sciences and sustainable development. Finally, the aim of the project is to broaden the partnership to researchers, lecturers, professors, the civil society (NGO) but also the private sector at an European (Germany, Netherlands and UK) and international level to extend the disciplinarity potential of the project within the call.

Catastrophic floods and sustained droughts will be increasing according to the IPCC 2018 report. It is uncertain how this change will impact flow pathways and sediment yield within the watersheds of major rivers during hydrological extremes. A crucial element in the routing of discharge, and its erosive impact on landscapes, is subsurface storage of water and its pathways within the critical zone. While water in the subsurface will not directly contribute to local erosion, it will lead to a quick hydraulic response in the larger drainage network, with associated consequences on incision, bank erosion, and increased transport capacities. The challenge is in both observing and predicting change in subsurface water amounts and fluxes. We propose to explore this important hidden water compartment from two complementary sides: by spatially distributed measuring (overcoming limitations of current point-like measurements) and by landscape wide modelling (overcoming current model oversimplifications). Building upon existing infrastructure within the Eifel region, Germany, we plan to focus on a catchment within the upper Ahr valley, to understand how water storage and release in the critical zone impacts discharge and sediment transport. We will jointly survey groundwater and fluvial dynamics using passive seismology and water chemistry to build a picture of the subsurface flow paths and quantities. We will in parallel develop the methods to efficiently numerically model both the hydrology and sediment yield of the system. This research project will help improve flood anticipation, give insight into hydraulic breakpoints (initiation of overland flow and erosion), and understand future response in the critical zone due to climate change.