The reduction of greenhouse emissions is currently acknowledged as a major European objective, and by 2040 a 40% emissions cut is expected, with renewable sources contributing up to 27%. In this respect LAB&FAB aims at developing the fabrication of efficient, cheap and stable organic photovoltaic (OPV) technology printed on flexible substrates, which will be scalable and eventually transferred from a lab-environment to production line. LAB&FAB action will spread on the two parallel fronts: the pilot-scale on one side, and the lab-scale on the other. At the pilot-scale, LAB&FAB will exploit state-of-the art printed OPV modules to push their efficiency, while doubling their lifetime by the end of the project. Long-term stability tests will be carried out and allow for a complete durability assessment, while technological improvements will be introduced to target the efficiency/lifetime goals, as specific weaknesses will be spotted. At the lab scale, novel and efficient materials will be thoroughly explored and characterised and optimised printing protocols will be established for their subsequent integration into solar cells large-area production. Degradation tests will also help assess the materials/devices performance, and at the end of fellowship new efficiency/lifetime benchmarks for such scaled OPV cells will be set. The Experienced Researcher (ER) acquired a solid background on physics of OPV, and thanks to this fellowship she will capitalise and expand it toward more technologically-based challenges related to its technology upscaling. The Host Institution ENI (Italy) is embracing a full transition toward a low-carbon scenario, and thanks to the multidisciplinary aspects of LAB&FAB (covering physics, device engineering, and intellectual property management just to name a few) the Host will be able to offer the ER the perfect environment for future growth and advancement of her professional career in the non-academic sector.

Decarbonising & reducing aviation dependence on fossil fuel requires biofuels. BIO4A will produce at least kt of sustainable biojet for its use in aviation at commercial scale for accelerating its deployment within the aviation sector, increasing their attractiveness and contributing to the achievement of the EU targets. BIO4A targets HEFA pathway from wastes, aiming to move the full value chain from TLR 6 to 7. BIO4A will demonstrate the full value chain, enabling a production capacity of 2-300 kt/y of biojet in a First Of A Kind new biorefinery in France. The fuel will be distributed using the existing infrastructures and conventional aircraft fuelling systems for commercial flights. Special attention will be directed to the supply of sustainable feedstock, focusing on waste streams (UCO). In parallel, long-term R&D work will address marginal land in EU MED (low ILUC biofuels). Relevant environmental (inc. GHG and energy balance), economic and social data (inc. health and safety issues, impacts and benefits) will be assessed against targets. Since the current main barrier to the commercial production of biojet is the price gap, BIO4A will explicitly address performance and cost targets vs. relevant key performance indicators. The final goal is to prove the business case, identifying potential issues of public acceptance, market or regulatory risks and barriers (feedstock, technological, business, process) along the entire value chain, taking advantage of previous projects and proposing potential mitigation solutions. Offtake agreements have been signed with KLM and Airfrance. Additional off-take agreements could also be signed to open the participation to more airlines. Regulatory framework is also limiting today the development of the sector and an additional goal is recommendations to policies makers. The proposal will be defined at EU/National level, involving the major sector stakeholders and opening with a profitable dialogue with Member States and the EC.