Current challenges in metal additive manufacturing processes can be mainly traced back to complex multi-physics coupling induced by the thermal loading history of the produced part. Caused defects, based on these phenomena, are mostly insufficient geometrical accuracy and low or unpredictable strength properties, which prevent the broad use of the technology in an industrial scale for manufacturing end products. Due to fluctuating material properties and geometry-dependent process parameters, the need for online closed-loop process control and enhanced process strategies is indispensable to achieve high part qualities. The aim of this project is to setup this real-time closed-loop control for freeform metal additive manufacturing processes. This approach will be achieved by the combination of ultra-fast thermal process modeling and planning, accurate in-situ measurements as feedback signal, and by online real-time optimization of selected process parameters and path strategies.

Induced subgraphs play a central role in both structural and algorithmic graph theory. A graph H is an induced subgraph of a graph G if one can delete vertices of G to obtain H. This is the strongest notion of subgraph, hence being H-free (that is not containing H as an induced subgraph) is not a very restrictive requirement. Weaker notions of containment, like for instance minors, are now well understood, and the next achievement in Graph Theory should certainly be the understanding of forbidden induced structures. We focus in this proposal on the following very general question: Given a (possibly infinite) family F of graphs, what properties does a F-free graph have? This is the key question of many important and longstanding problems, because many crucial graph classes are defined in terms of forbidden induced subgraphs. This field is now quickly growing, and new techniques and tools have been recently developed. Our first goal is to establish bounds on some classical graph parameters for F-free graphs, such as the clique number, the stability number and the chromatic number. A second goal is to design efficient algorithms to recognize F-free graphs and to determine or approximate some parameters for those graphs. We also plan to study similar questions for oriented graphs. For this purpose, we plan to use and develop various proof techniques, some of these being recently discovered, such as the structural description of graph classes, the regularity lemma, graph limits, flag algebras, VC-dimension, discharging method as well as computer-assisted proofs.

Collaboration 4.0 project is a contribution to the main industry of the future challenge of the efficient place of humans in the factory of the future. Industry of the future means the high-tech digitalization of production systems to get more flexibility of the whole value chain to achieve personalized products and sustainability. Enabling technologies like Internet Of Things, wearables, robotics, Artificial Intelligence and 3D Printings are the key drivers of this industrial transformation. The main challenge is to keep the economic value of mass production (3.0) when competitive lot-size 1 personalized production (4.0). The Collaboration 4.0 project aims at studying working situations enabled by the new digital technologies in 4.0 industrial environment for their productivity and attractive features. The project addresses the Nb 3 ANR research axis “Fostering industrial renewal” and especially the Nb 1sub-axis “Factory of the future: Human, organization and technologies”. Its overarching objective is to design collaborative workplaces of the future in which workers and machines are closely combined to reach new sustainable performance in 4.0 industrial environment. The project is featured from three fundamental research hypotheses: 1) The Human-Machine collaborative activity of the future will be carried out in a new enabling competence-based industrial environment, 2) Digital technologies are flexible and frequently evolve, 3) Work and industrial organization highly influences the well performing Human-Machine collaborative activity. The project aims at designing new workplaces in which workers and machines share the same space to complete shared tasks by using work-enabling digital technologies. The worker will manage work activities controlling the machine tasks and instructing it. The machine is designed to meet the worker needs. It could provide worker with new ways of working. We want to define and characterize the new types of 4.0 collaborative workplaces useful and well performing in a specific industrial situation. The core issues are the efficient technology uses while producing and the industrial organization to be set up. Concretely, the project will study two different work situations from two case studies: a collaborative activity between a robot and a human on one side and between an augmented reality wearable and a human on the other side. Delivered results will be a classification of human-Machine collaborative work situations in an enabling industrial environment, a framework for analyzing an enabling collaborative industrial activity and recommendations for designing enabling industrial workplaces. The project is a multidisciplinary project combining industrial engineering, ergonomics and digital technologies. It is featured in five scientific tasks and one management task. A workplace-of-the-future demonstrator will be developed at the Grenoble INP S.MART technological platform from existing facilities. An industrial advisory board accompany the research partners to operationalize the theoretical propositions. It is a 48-month project and relies on two PhD thesis and an engineer position. The project will be managed by G-SCOP laboratory (industrial engineering, augmented reality) alongside with LIG (robotics and HMI) and ACTé (ergonomics). Each laboratory will bring to the project their human resources and equipment as necessary. Project results will be spread through scientific publications, guidelines for industrial companies and communication activities.

MAKERS is a collaborative research project (PRC), involving multidisciplinarity in SHS (ergonomics, sociology, management, urbanism and territory) in partnership with SPI (industrial engineering, ecodesign). The research team has already worked together, this project being in continuity with the ORCILAB project, which had shown a difficulty of collaboration between fablabs and industrials on innovation projects. The MAKERS project aims to understand the makers activity, considering them as "designers" in alternative production organizations. These communities respond to societal needs on a territory with citizen solutions, for which it is important to measure the consideration of ecodesign, ergonomics, safety and sustainability of projects. Our research questions concern their capacity to work together, in a network, to create original solutions and to be part of design process and sometimes to change scale (circular economy using the territory resources). The methodologies are mainly qualitative on twenty projects with interviews and observations of activities. We will also propose participatory approaches of simulation and experimentation to accompany some makers projects identified as holding sustainability objectives. The deliverables are well integrated in the industry of the future with the production of knowledge on sustainable and citizen innovations in the territory logic, carried by these communities. The production of design guidelines (eco-design, ergonomics, etc.) is also expected to support the makers in their activity and to changes of scale for some project.

The spread of ICT and cheap low-size production tools like 3D-printers led to the development of open design, i.e. community-based and open source development of physical products. This innovative organization of product development based on a new conception of copyright as well as decentralized and voluntary work offers a disruptive alternative to conventional industrial product development. It provides a great opportunity for continuous improvement of products as well as formidable potentials for product innovation and incubation of new businesses. However, the emergence of open design still suffers from a limited availability of supporting methods and online tools helping to face the organizational challenges raised by distributed collaboration of non-contractually engaged volunteers. Because of a lack of adapted structuration mechanisms, open design projects are still restricted to the development of products of low complexity and quality, i.e. prototypes or toys for do-it-yourself hobbyists. In order to compete with today’s standards of industrial product design, open design shall be provided with adapted methods and tools that ensures significant process efficiency and economic viability. The objective of this project is to develop an online Open Design Platform providing communities with innovative methods and tools allowing them to collaborate on the design and continuous improvement of open source products. The scope of the project covers 1) the characterization of the open design paradigm and the existing practices as they emerge today, 2) the development a set of adapted methods for the organization of open design projects based on the adaptation of existing methods used in industry 3) the prototyping of an online platform implementing these methods. Scientific challenges addressed along these tasks are to: - Define an open source product development process ensuring the convergence of open source product development projects and allowing designing high quality and complex products. - Define adapted supporting information systems providing design communities with tools for online collaboration, product data management and management of the development process. - Define guidelines for business models helping entrepreneurs reducing risks associated with the development of business models based on open source. The project will be performed by a multidisciplinary consortium involving French and German research laboratories and companies. It will be led by French and German laboratories on industrial engineering (G-SCOP [Fr], TU Berlin/IWF [De]) and will involve contributions from business economics (HU Berlin/HIIG [De]) and innovation management sciences (CERAG [Fr]). Solutions will be developed and tested in collaboration the company Raidlight [Fr] that develops an original co-design approch with its customers, and online communities thanks to our external partners (P2PLab, Open Source Ecology).