The consortium submitting this proposal stems from the UK-China Network on Clean Energy Research that was setup by Prof. Haifeng Wang in January 2007 with 202k of financial support from EPSRC under its INTERACT 4 scheme. The goal of the Network is to disseminate and promote in China the research that the EPSRC SUPERGEN consortia have carried out in the UK. The proposed consortium thus extends the scope of the Network to the organisation of joint research between the UK SUPERGEN researchers and leading Chinese scientists of nationally funded research programmes. It is thus built on the basis of an existing link between members of the Network, Chinese universities and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It also expands this collaboration to the two largest research institutes in power engineering in China: the China Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the Nanjing Automatic Research Institute (NARI). All of the 9 UK investigators play a leading role in one or more of six SUPERGEN consortia that are sponsored by EPSRC to carry out focused collaborative programmes of research on various aspects of sustainable energy systems.Even though the power systems of the UK and China are at different stages of development, the issue of how to maintain security while accommodating an increasing amount of renewable generation capacity is an important concern in both countries. To achieve sustainable economic growth, these power systems will need to become more flexible and more robust. Engineers and scientists in the UK and China have complementary expertises in this area. Researchers in the UK have done a significant amount of work in recent years on renewable energy sources and their integration with the grid. On the other hand, security analysis and security enhancements techniques have been central R&D issues in China. Combining these expertises and facilitating a two-way transfer of knowledge would therefore clearly accelerate the pace of research on problems of common interest. We therefore propose to bring together the leading power system scientists from the UK SUPERGEN consortia and from the Chinese nationally funded projects to form a collaborative research team to study the sustainable security of power systems. Being able to assess and enhance the security of power systems is a key issue in the development of sustainable power systems. It is also a long-standing and complicated scientific and engineering problem with considerable breadth and depth. This proposal integrates 8 joint research projects that tackle the problem from the four most important perspectives, i.e., security analysis (JP1 and 2), renewable generation (JP7 and 8), protection (JP3 and 4) and control (JP4, 5 and 6). Two core projects, JP1 and 2, will develop new models and analytical methods for gaining a better understanding of power system sustainable security. They require input and support from JP7 and 8 on renewable generation and provide guidelines and tools to JP3, 4, 5 and 6 to enhance the sustainable security through power system protection and control. The contribution of the Chinese collaborators will be very significant as they have a strong experience with engineering practice and they have access to advanced experimental facilities that are not available in the UK. They have committed 4 post-doctoral researchers and 13 PhD students to work on the joint projects . These researchers are fully funded from sources in China. The Chinese collaborators have also pledged to seek further financial support in China to contribute to the Consortium if this application is successful. The proposed consortium has designed 3 schemes to ensure a two-way UK-China knowledge transfer through this collaboration. They are major dissemination events, UK-China training exchange and project meetings. The project will start on the 1st Oct. 2008 and run for 4 years.

The consortium submitting this proposal stems from the UK-China Network on Clean Energy Research that was setup by Prof. Haifeng Wang in January 2007 with 202k of financial support from EPSRC under its INTERACT 4 scheme. The goal of the Network is to disseminate and promote in China the research that the EPSRC SUPERGEN consortia have carried out in the UK. The proposed consortium thus extends the scope of the Network to the organisation of joint research between the UK SUPERGEN researchers and leading Chinese scientists of nationally funded research programmes. It is thus built on the basis of an existing link between members of the Network, Chinese universities and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It also expands this collaboration to the two largest research institutes in power engineering in China: the China Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the Nanjing Automatic Research Institute (NARI). All of the 9 UK investigators play a leading role in one or more of six SUPERGEN consortia that are sponsored by EPSRC to carry out focused collaborative programmes of research on various aspects of sustainable energy systems.Even though the power systems of the UK and China are at different stages of development, the issue of how to maintain security while accommodating an increasing amount of renewable generation capacity is an important concern in both countries. To achieve sustainable economic growth, these power systems will need to become more flexible and more robust. Engineers and scientists in the UK and China have complementary expertises in this area. Researchers in the UK have done a significant amount of work in recent years on renewable energy sources and their integration with the grid. On the other hand, security analysis and security enhancements techniques have been central R&D issues in China. Combining these expertises and facilitating a two-way transfer of knowledge would therefore clearly accelerate the pace of research on problems of common interest. We therefore propose to bring together the leading power system scientists from the UK SUPERGEN consortia and from the Chinese nationally funded projects to form a collaborative research team to study the sustainable security of power systems. Being able to assess and enhance the security of power systems is a key issue in the development of sustainable power systems. It is also a long-standing and complicated scientific and engineering problem with considerable breadth and depth. This proposal integrates 8 joint research projects that tackle the problem from the four most important perspectives, i.e., security analysis (JP1 and 2), renewable generation (JP7 and 8), protection (JP3 and 4) and control (JP4, 5 and 6). Two core projects, JP1 and 2, will develop new models and analytical methods for gaining a better understanding of power system sustainable security. They require input and support from JP7 and 8 on renewable generation and provide guidelines and tools to JP3, 4, 5 and 6 to enhance the sustainable security through power system protection and control. The contribution of the Chinese collaborators will be very significant as they have a strong experience with engineering practice and they have access to advanced experimental facilities that are not available in the UK. They have committed 4 post-doctoral researchers and 13 PhD students to work on the joint projects . These researchers are fully funded from sources in China. The Chinese collaborators have also pledged to seek further financial support in China to contribute to the Consortium if this application is successful. The proposed consortium has designed 3 schemes to ensure a two-way UK-China knowledge transfer through this collaboration. They are major dissemination events, UK-China training exchange and project meetings. The project will start on the 1st Oct. 2008 and run for 4 years.

Renewable power is one of the main drives to achieve carbon reduction and net-zero, and to meet the ambitious climate goals. In particular, offshore wind power in Europe has been developing at a rapid pace in recent years. Multi-Giga watts offshore wind farms with larger wind turbine power ratings, floating wind turbines installed in deeper water areas, and higher ratio of renewables integrated to existing power grids, are fundamentally changing power system operations and bringing new challenges and technical demands. This industry-doctorate consortium, ADOreD, will recruit and train 15 Researchers by collaborating with 19 academic and industrial organisations. It aims to tackle the academic and technical challenges in the areas of transmission of offshore wind power to the AC grid by using power electronics-based AC/DC technologies. In doing so, it will equip the Researchers, through their PhD studies, with essential knowledge and skills to face fast energy transition in their future careers. The project covers 3 key research aspects: offshore wind (including wind turbines, wind power collection, and wind farm design and control); DC technologies (including AC/DC converters, HVDC control and DC network operation and protection); and AC grid (including stability and control of AC grids dominated with converters under various control modes. The ADOreD consortium has excellent coverage of academic universities and industry organisations including manufacturers, energy utilities, system operators, consultancy and technology innovation centres. All the research questions in the project reflect industry needs; academic novelty and innovation will be reflected in the methodologies and solutions; and the research results will be disseminated directly to the industry partners' products, grid operation and services. The outcomes of the project are both technologies and a talent pool to accelerate the deployment and grid integration of large-scale offshore wind power.

The Internet of Energy (IoE) is a paradigm towards achieving a "zero-carbon" society by optimising electrical energy usage, especially for emerging loads such as Electric Vehicles. The paradigm is a recognition that integrating the internet of things with energy sources and demand loads, enables real-time processing of data streams to support actionable decision support. The aim of this centre-to-centre collaboration is to conduct fundamental multi-disciplinary research in the cyber resilience of future IoE systems. As electric vehicles are likely to make the greatest use of battery capacity in the future, they will play a key role in the IoE infrastructures. According to the "Global EV Outlook 2020" report (https://www.iea.org/reports/global-evoutlook-2020, International Energy Agency), Electric Vehicle sales topped 2.1M globally in 2019, surpassing 2018 - already a record year - to boost the stock to 7.2M electric cars. As technological progress in the electrification of two/three-wheelers, buses and trucks advances and the market for them grows, electric vehicles are expanding significantly. This growth is further amplified through government regulations, e.g. phasing out of diesel and petrol vehicles. This percentage is also likely to grow both in the United Kingdom and Australia. To meet climate-change goals, half of UK cars must be electric by 2030 (according to the UK government). Similarly, the Australian government (https://www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/) predicts that by 2040, electric vehicles (EVs) are projected to account for 70% to 100% of new vehicle sales. To meet the demand of the growing EV population, UK and Australian governments are ramping up the installation of charging infrastructure. For example, there are now more than 35,000 charge point connectors across the UK in over 13,000 locations - with around 7,000 charge point connectors added in 2020 alone. This makes electrical vehicles significant energy consumers in the IoE, with their batteries also providing the potential for energy storage in times of emergency or unexpected surges in demand. However, this benefit can only be effectively realised if we can secure the interaction between Electric Vehicles (EVs), charging infrastructure and the national grid. Since 2016, the number of cyber incidents involving vehicles has increased by 605%, with incident rates doubling on a year to year basis (according to 2020 Upstream security's global automotive cybersecurity report). The target of such cyber-attacks is not only private EVs but also commercial EVs. This proposal combines workstreams on attack modelling, data synthesis, attack generation and validation of these using testbeds across the UK and Australia. A simulator will be developed to support a number of "what-if" investigations in cyber resilience for EVs to be carried out. Partners in this proposal have expertise in cybersecurity, power electronics, electrical vehicles, artificial intelligence and distributed computing, and have extensive prior experience in multi-site collaborations. The IoE (cyber-physical) security theory developed in this project will also contribute to accelerated adoption of EV energy prosumers at the edge of the power grid. This proposal will also provide an opportunity for experienced and early career researchers to work collectively on the challenges identified above. A "future leaders" training programme will be developed as part of this proposal to create an "ideas exchange" community across students and academic faculty between the UK and Australian partners. Our industry partners will also be engaged through workshops and "sandpit" events to identify use cases that have industry relevance and which could provide the basis for future startups (in collaboration with entrepreneurship teams at our institutions). The shared testbeds and simulation environment developed will also provide a legacy on completion of this work.