As interaction on online Web-based platforms is becoming an essential part of people's everyday lives and data-driven AI algorithms are starting to exert a massive influence on society, we are experiencing significant tensions in user perspectives regarding how these algorithms are used on the Web. These tensions result in a breakdown of trust: users do not know when to trust the outcomes of algorithmic processes and, consequently, the platforms that use them. As trust is a key component of the Digital Economy where algorithmic decisions affect citizens' everyday lives, this is a significant issue that requires addressing. ReEnTrust explores new technological opportunities for platforms to regain user trust and aims to identify how this may be achieved in ways that are user-driven and responsible. Focusing on AI algorithms and large scale platforms used by the general public, our research questions include: What are user expectations and requirements regarding the rebuilding of trust in algorithmic systems, once that trust has been lost? Is it possible to create technological solutions that rebuild trust by embedding values in recommendation, prediction, and information filtering algorithms and allowing for a productive debate on algorithm design between all stakeholders? To what extent can user trust be regained through technological solutions and what further trust rebuilding mechanisms might be necessary and appropriate, including policy, regulation, and education? The project will develop an experimental online tool that allows users to evaluate and critique algorithms used by online platforms, and to engage in dialogue and collective reflection with all relevant stakeholders in order to jointly recover from algorithmic behaviour that has caused loss of trust. For this purpose, we will develop novel, advanced AI-driven mediation support techniques that allow all parties to explain their views, and suggest possible compromise solutions. Extensive engagement with users, stakeholders, and platform service providers in the process of developing this online tool will result in an improved understanding of what makes AI algorithms trustable. We will also develop policy recommendations and requirements for technological solutions plus assessment criteria for the inclusion of trust relationships in the development of algorithmically mediated systems and a methodology for deriving a "trust index" for online platforms that allows users to assess the trustability of platforms easily. The project is led by the University of Oxford in collaboration with the Universities of Edinburgh and Nottingham. Edinburgh develops novel computational techniques to evaluate and critique the values embedded in algorithms, and a prototypical AI-supported platform that enables users to exchange opinions regarding algorithm failures and to jointly agree on how to "fix" the algorithms in question to rebuild trust. The Oxford and Nottingham teams develop methodologies that support the user-centred and responsible development of these tools. This involves studying the processes of trust breakdown and rebuilding in online platforms, and developing a Responsible Research and Innovation approach to understanding trustability and trust rebuilding in practice. A carefully selected set of industrial and other non-academic partners ensures ReEnTrust work is grounded in real-world examples and experiences, and that it embeds balanced, fair representation of all stakeholder groups. ReEnTrust will advance the state of the art in terms of trust rebuilding technologies for algorithm-driven online platforms by developing the first AI-supported mediation and conflict resolution techniques and a comprehensive user-centred design and Responsible Research and Innovation framework that will promote a shared responsibility approach to the use of algorithms in society, thereby contributing to a flourishing Digital Economy.

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is a major international human rights treaty to which the UK is a signatory. The UK will soon be formally reviewed by the CRPD treaty body (the UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities) in order to assess UK progress towards CRPD-compliance. This AHRC impact and engagement project will support the UK's preparation for the UN Engagement Process. It will ensure that the UK representative is informed by recent research on legal and ethical issues pertaining to CRPD-compliance, and it will co-ordinate a series of consultations to develop a broad consensus as to the best path towards CRPD-compliance in the UK. The project will focus upon the provisions of law in three distinct legal jurisdictions (England & Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland) as regards persons with impaired decision-making capacity. Some persons with disabilities suffer from impaired decision-making capacity. A person suffering from dementia may have difficulty thinking through important financial information; a person with a learning disability may not be able to make decisions about medical treatment; a person with a brain injury may not be able to make a decision about a proposed settlement from an insurance company, etc. In the UK, legal arrangements governing such circumstances are devolved. There is one statute that governs England and Wales: The Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA). In Scotland, the Adults with Incapacity Act 2000 (AWI) applies. In Northern Ireland, matters pertaining to adult incapacity are currently governed by case law, but a new piece of legislation is being prepared for consideration by the Northern Ireland Assembly. This legal diversity presents both a challenge and an opportunity. The challenge is to ensure that the UK representative in the UN Engagement Process has the benefit of adequate research as regards progress towards CRPD compliance across the UK. The opportunity is to use this legal diversity as a tool in identifying the best ways to deal with circumstances of incapacity while ensuring respect for the rights of persons with disabilities and compliance with the UK's obligations under the CRPD. The issues around compliance with the CRPD are sensitive and contentious, and the stakes are high. For example, in England and Wales, the MCA provides for "best-interests decision-making" on behalf of persons lacking in decision-making capacity. In Scotland, the AWI avoids any mention of "best interests." The UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities has maintained that "the best interests paradigm must be abolished." Does this mean that England and Wales must repeal or amend the MCA? If so, does the AWI present a better alternative? What strategy should Northern Ireland adopt, as it prepares to legislate on this matter? The AHRC-funded Essex Autonomy Project (EAP) is an interdisciplinary research and public policy initiative with expertise on the ethical and legal imperative to respect the autonomy of persons suffering from mental disorders or other mental impairments. It has played a key role in educating policy makers about the legal and ethical challenges associated with CRPD-compliance. In 2014, the EAP co-ordinated a consultation exercise and provided technical research support to the UK Ministry of Justice in developing a formal legal opinion as to whether the MCA is compliant with the CRPD -- and about what to do if it is not. In this project the EAP team will collaborate with the Centre for Mental Health and Incapacity Law, Rights and Policy (Edinburgh Napier University) in order to assess CRPD-compliance on mental capacity/adult incapacity across all three jurisdictions of the UK. The project will ensure that the UK is prepared for the UN Engagement Process, and contribute to the international reform of law and practice as regards persons with impaired decision-making capacity.

The World Health Organisation (2012) argue that dementia is the greatest health challenge of our time. The day-to-day lives of those living with dementia is incredibly complex and current health and social care provision may not be best able to meet their needs (Alzheimer's Society 2012). Contemporary policies aim to empower people with choices and resources, quite different to earlier ideas in which risk was understood as something to be controlled and limited. This move from managing 'vulnerable people' (through an emphasis on safety and loss) to managing vulnerable situations is evident in the contemporary language used such as 'risk enablement', 'positive risk taking', 'reasonable risk', and positive risk in practice models such as personalisation. Our recent completion of Healthbridge, the evaluation of innovative and empowering services recommended by the National Dementia Strategy for England (DH 2009) has generated a large volume of data from people living with dementia (Clarke et al 2013). In total, 239 interviews were completed (lasting 45-120 minutes) with 47 people with a diagnosis of dementia and 54 carers interviewed on up to three occasions. This is the largest data-set of interviews with people with dementia and carers that can be found. We aim to interrogate this existing qualitative dataset in partnership with those living with dementia, using an approach that sets out to challenge assumptions of current practice to inform the development of empowering support for people living with dementia. To achieve this aim, our objectives are to: 1. Interrogate through secondary data analysis a large qualitative data-set of interviews with people living with dementia using two theoretical frameworks that will inform our analytical process: risk and resilience, and the ethic of care. 2. Collaborate with people living with dementia in the co-production (interpretation) of knowledge and the co-production of digital stories which re-present experiences within the data set. 3. Working with partners to influence practice and services to ensure that the work impacts on the development of services and support through briefing papers, digital stories, a blog and a good practice guide. The project will be a process of co-production between academic researchers and non-academic partners, acknowledging the varied yet equally valuable knowledge/ experience bases involved in the process. There will be two key aspects to the work - identification of theory from the existing dataset, and participation with people with experience of dementia. These link together, enabling people living with dementia to be part of the process of analyzing the data. Partners in the work are the Mental Health Foundation and Alzheimer Scotland. We will work together to develop a relationship with four groups of people with dementia and their carers, who will then shape the emerging findings from the secondary analysis of the data-set. Together with people living with dementia, we will create digital stories which combine individual experiences and the analysed data. These will be central to two workshops with people who influence policy and practice in dementia care. In order to have the greatest influence of the work, we will communicate throughout and after the duration of the project with a wide academic and non-academic audience through a website, blog commentary, briefing papers and a good practice guide. The collaboration between the Mental Health Foundation, Alzheimer Scotland and the University of Edinburgh creates a powerful combination of influence and access to the key policy and practice arenas to ensure longer term use of the findings across these sectors.

People with mental health problems experience significant inequalities including high levels of early mortality, morbidity, unemployment, poverty, isolation and social exclusion. This also presents major health, social and economic challenges to wider society. Our International Network unites leaders from academia, policy, practice, business and community organisations from the EU and US. Each partner has an impressive track record of leading evidence-based policy and programme development at a national level and each has pioneered participation in research of people with lived experience of mental health problems. This transatlantic network will share and build upon state of the art knowledge in four key areas of social inclusion: citizenship, recovery, stigma and public policy. Our collaboration will enable new knowledge, synergies and solutions to emerge by connecting our diverse national and disciplinary perspectives with the lived experiences of people with mental health problems. Through the network we will enhance the skills and career opportunities for researchers and practitioners, and contribute towards the sustained inclusion of people with lived experience. This grant will enable us to share our learning in profound ways to understand ‘what works’ in very different social contexts, including through interaction between the four themed work packages. There is a strong commitment amongst partners to maintain the network long term. As partners we have considerable experience in supporting participatory mental health research with migrant citizens, people who are homeless and diverse ethnic minorities. Social exclusion is often intensified for women who encounter gender-based discrimination and cumulative adversity. Therefore, throughout this proposal, we will pay particular attention to issues of intersectionality in relation to gender, and consider how promoting social inclusion, citizenship and rights must take account of social identities.

Young people are increasingly engaged with digital technology with the majority connecting to different social media on a daily basis. The speed with which new technologies are emerging is exponential. We also know that the rates of MH concerns in YP are increasing; with 75% of MH problems presenting and being established before the age of 24 (50% before the age of 14). It is estimated that 20% of adolescents are experiencing a MH concern on an annual basis. The growing importance of engaging with and developing new technologies has been recognised within several government policy documents and E-Health strategies for health and social care have been developed in all four regions of the UK. There is a recognised need to develop online support mechanisms that offer tailored advice or emergency support during both in and out-of-hours periods. The recent COVID19 pandemic has also resulted in a rapid move within clinical services to utilise technology for service delivery; replacing the traditional face-to-face provision. It is believed that virtual modalities will be required extensively now and in the future. This project seeks to establish an interdisciplinary network, which will focus on the use of technology in supporting YP who are experiencing psychological distress; in particular as it relates to help seeking, stigma (a prejudice and discrimination towards someone directly because of a MH issue that they have) reduction and interventions/treatments. The project therefore aims to address two key challenges: 1. Identify existing and emerging digital technologies that promote MH help-seeking and stigma reduction in YP at risk of MH problems and 2.Understand how existing and newly developed technologies can influence (positively and negatively) adolescent MH concerns and what aspects of these technologies can support those with mental ill health in addition to what aspects can promote resilience. To do this, we will work closely with a young person's advisory group; placing their voice central to all activities, including the preparation of this proposal. Indeed, eight YP were consulted in early May and were fundamental to helping shape the Mood Movement network, activities, stakeholders, and planned outputs. This project therefore seeks to update existing knowledge about how and in what ways YP use technology, both existing and emerging, to support a variety of aspects related to their MH. We will do this through five inter-related work-packages; 1) First, we will develop a project brand, website and social media presence to ensure visibility across the sector and within the public, helping us to also get information out to others as quickly as possible; 2) Second, we will engage with YP and their parents/caregivers to ensure that the network structure, stakeholders and activities are all mapping to the topics and issues that are important to them. We want to ensure that our focus and questions are clear, relatable, and meaningful; 3) The third and largest work package will involve hosting four events engaging with a wide range of professionals and early career researchers on key topics within the field, 4) Following the four events, the fourth work package involves the core research team and the young person's advisory group meeting with the MH Foundation to consolidate the knowledge into a first draft consensus statement and research priorities; and 5) The fifth and final work package will undertake a survey of national and international experts concerning the content of the consensus statement to seek their views and agreement. The finalised consensus statement will be shared widely in the UK, Ireland, and internationally ensuring it is useful to those who both experience psychological distress and those who support YP experiencing psychological distress. This will be nationally and internationally relevant given the common nature of online technologies, and access to international content across countries.