The SoSweet project focuses on the synchronic variation and the diachronic evolution of the variety of French language used on Twitter. The Web has entered all areas of our social life. As the language is central in our social interactions, it is legitimate to ask how the Web has become a factor acting on language. This is even more actual as the recent rise of novel digital services opens up new areas of expression, which support new linguistics behaviors. In particular, social medias such as Twitter provide channels of communication through which speakers/writers use their language in ways that differ from standard written and oral forms. The result is the emergence of new varieties of languages. A characteristic of these varieties is that they exhibit large variability among communities of speakers and high innovation rates. A scientific description must take into account this variability and explain how social forces and technical constraints regulate its dynamic. The main goal of SoSweet is to provide a detailed account of the links between linguistic variation and social structure in Twitter, both synchronically and diachronically. Through this specific example, and aware of its bias, we aim at providing a more detailed understanding of the dynamic links between individuals, social structure and language variation and change. Traditional methods are not suitable to address these questions. On the one hand, Twitter requires redefining fundamental concepts such as “addressee” or the public/private communication distinction. Moreover, while sociolinguistic studies are based on small samples, we will base our analysis on a corpus of 500 million tweets combined with the social network of the 10 million users who authored these tweets, complemented by socio-demographic data. This large data mass leads us to heavily rely on computational methods from different areas. The SoSweet project will therefore adopt a strong interdisciplinary position, at the crossing of social media linguistics, sociolinguistics, natural language processing (NLP) and network science. The NLP tools are designed for standard forms of language and exhibit a drastic loss of accuracy when applied to social media varieties. To define appropriate tools, descriptions of these varieties are needed. Descriptions that needs tools. We will address this circularity interdisciplinary, by working simultaneously both on linguistics description and on NLP tools development. For its part, network science provides us with tools for studying massive data from complex networks of users, through graph theory and computational modeling. The scientific program of SoSweet has been conceived in order to favor optimal interdisciplinary work as the four work packages (management, data collection and enrichment, variation and evolution analysis, outreach) involve all partners. The project will last 48 months. It involves 4 leading teams in their own field of research. The principal investigator, Icar, is specialized in corpus linguistics and computer mediated interaction. Icar will carry out the tasks of unifying linguistics evidences (empirical and theoric) with social clues (extracted from a massive network of sociological relations). Lidilem is in charge of adapting the sociolinguistics framework to the case of variation and communication on Twitter. Alpage, specialized in natural language processing, takes care of the linguistics enrichment part, which provides the other partners with normalized and structurally enriched forms of text. Alpage is also responsible of providing distributional analysis of our corpus, by the means of various forms of word clustering in order to define sociolinguistic variants in the tweets. Inria DANTE, specialized in the exploration of massive graph structures, will lead the crucial network analysis and will work on jointly integrating the sociological network and the linguistic distributional network of lexical relations

Galaxies are factories in which gas gravitationally collapse to form stars. This process is very inefficient: the gas-to-star conversion timescale is ~200 times smaller than the free-fall time. The origin of this inefficiency is one of the main open questions in the field of galaxy evolution. In particular, a novel scenario competes with the usual picture of regulation of star formation by feedback, which is a transition between: - z~0 : regulation of star formation by small scales (stellar feedback) - z~2 (10 Gyrs back) : regulation of star formation by large scales (disk dynamics and accretion)_x0003_ If this transition exists, it should leave chemo-dynamical footprints on stars observed today: the processes dominating this regulation impose different star formation law scalings with the galaxy environment and more than half of the stars in the local Universe formed during the peak of cosmic star formation, at 1

Copper ions are essential for life but posses a redox-activity which makes them potentially toxic, and their cellular availability is highly regulated by an intricate network of intracellular chaperones, transcription factors and membrane transporters. Copper homeostatic imbalance is connected to several major neurological diseases. The detailed mechanisms of copper movement across membranes remain unknown due to the difficulty to characterize at atomic level the different proteins involved, which are mainly integral membrane systems. In humans, high-affinity copper uptake is modulated by hCTR1, a trimeric membrane transporter which has so far fled from high-resolution x-ray or cryo-EM investigations and is extremely challenging to produce and recover in workable amounts for structural studies. The central objective of the present project is to develop and apply a solid-state Magic-Angle Spinning (MAS) NMR approach to allow complete characterization of the structure and mechanism of lipid-bound hCTR1. Building on a decade of continuous advances of the NMR community, the recent development of very fast (up to 100 kHz) MAS probes has revolutionised this field, with developments that speed up the analysis of proteins of considerable size and open the way to complex biological solids available in limited amounts. We propose to leverage the unique expertise and equipment available in the consortium, and achieve the objectives above through a combination of innovative strategies for isotopic sample preparation, advanced spectroscopic tools to obtain NMR signatures of the structure and dynamics, and new instrumentation capable of even faster MAS rates. The project will provide breakthrough data for understanding structure-activity relationships in a challenging integral membrane protein, and will allow the addition of solid-state NMR to the method portfolio for the characterization of medically relevant targets.

This project aims to study on a diachronic way (through Middle and Modern ages), the different original forms of Christianity that were to be found in the « border territories », located on political, religious and linguistic borders, i.e. the lotharingians territories, later on called during the Middle Ages the « inbetween lands » (from the North Sea to Savoy). This territories, along with the Milanese, formed the « catholic Ridge » during the modern era (the border of the catholic influence, between the Protestants in the east and the Catholics in the West). These specificities were asserted often by the historians, but rarely demonstrated, if it is not by case studies. The objective thus is to rethink the explanatory causes and the processes of such a multiplicity and variety of religious experiments, as well as their spread, their successes or failures, while highlighting more efficiently what is due to the circumstances and what is to be credited to the structural phenomenons, linked to the political and religious specificities of these regions. To cover this space and assure a really comparative and transverse approach, an international consortium with 7 historian research teams was established : 4 French teams (the CRULH of Lorraine – coordinator –, the LARHRA of Lyon, the LSH of Besançon, the CREHS of Arras) and 3 foreigners (Transitions of Liège, Institute of history of the University of Luxembourg, History Department of Università degli Studi of Milan). All in all, 37 people are committed in the project, which concerns essentially the history but also assures openings towards the art history and the musicology, to deal with the evolution of the liturgical practices : 12 medievalists, 21 modernists, 2 art historians, 2 musicologists. Given the tremendous size of the region and of the period to be studied, the project will focus on a comparative study of three main topics, by using in particular the methods of the historic anthropology, the gender studies, the prosopography : • The commitment of religious women (specificity of the feminine vocations ; the relations with the male management of the churches ; the feminine writings) : organization of three rounds tables and a final colloquium, with publication of the acts in the form of common synthesis ; three volumes of editions of texts ; on-line publishing and digitalizations of texts ; constitution of a database on these communities. • The pastoral models (episcopal models, formation and skills of the bishops, the organization of the diocesan staff, the legal or liturgical norms’ production, « clericalization » of the Protestant ministers) : organization of three round tables and a final colloquium with publication of the acts ; constitution of a prosopographical database on the episcopal staff (14th-17th c.). • Devotions and politics (promotion and spread of the devotional practices : specific ways of the Marian worship, « political » saints, specific devotion to the angels) : organization of two round tables and a final colloquium with publication of the acts ; one exhibition with realization of a catalog (Museum of sacred art from Fourvière in Lyon) ; on-line edition of an inventory of the editions of a devotion book, "best-seller" during two centuries in the considered region. All the works will give rise to the production of a web site and a global synthesis in the form of a book-atlas, which will contain hundred maps accompanied with long recapitulative notes and with iconography.

Looting and trafficking of cultural heritage from conflict areas to the European markets stand for an increasing phenomenon with strong consequences in terms of security, economics, culture and society. Smugglers take advantage of disparate frameworks, providing the artefacts with a fake background in order to give them the appearance of legality, before proposing them to the market. Although the protagonists in the fight (law enforcement agencies, justice, structures devoted to cultural heritage, art market) can know each other, the potential for cooperation still remains underexploited: time, resources and space limitations, discrepancies between approaches, practices and work cultures. The gap which is noticeable at the national level gets broader at the European scale. Nevertheless, each of those professional bodies is keeping a part of the solution: resource inventory, knowledge of the artefacts, production areas and fraudulent cases, proof culture, rates and trends changing. A cooperation protocol as well as a Pan-European collaborative tool for control, able to cross investigation data, are strongly required. POLAR project (“POLice and ARchaeology against cultural heritage trafficking”) was born in 2016 through the National Council of Scientific Research “Attentats Recherche” special call for proposals. It aims to identify relevant structures and tools, facilitating dialogue between professional spheres (methodology sharing, legal frameworks, slowdown levers identification). It is composed of three phases: Understand, Act and Prevent. As POLAR implies to work at the European level, an international consortium is currently built in keeping with professional divisions such as LEAs/Justice/Cultural Heritage/Art Market. The Cultural Heritage team maps the “artefacts in peril” as presented on the ICOM Red Lists. A digital tool will be built in order to find occurrences on Internet and to compare the proposed background to the archaeological evidences. In so doing, the protocol will reinforce the expertise and detect possibly fraudulent cases. If needed and according to the recognitions, a warning notice could be transmitted to the authorities. The approach will offer guarantees to honest buyers and sellers, avoiding the potential misfortunes related to ancient transactions led without due diligence and facilitating the lasting recovery of misled-traceability works of art, bringing the proof of the ancient provenance. POLAR will lead to training and information actions in a complex and unknown field. The dissemination phase implies to explore restitution ways for saved artefacts. Those actions will help to know more about them and to raise public awareness. Outputs are expected in the field of security, economics, society and culture. POLAR manages a large quantity of data, opening up fieldworks and enable the expression of innovative methodologies in order to face a security challenge. This cooperation is brand new in its form and breadth. A consultation about frames, methods and strategy is required to tackle the European scale. The planned call for the proposal is SU-FCT03-2018 (republished in 2019-2020): Information and data stream management to fight against (cyber)crime and terrorism. The ANR MRSEI tool seems to be the appropriate launch pad in order to lead the preliminary discussions, reinforce the consortium and provide it with the dedicated working space. The project also meets the needs of the SU-TRANSFORMATIONS-09-2018 call, whose topic is « Social platform on endangered cultural heritage and on illicit trafficking of cultural goods ». For this one, the deadline for submission is 13 March 2018, without assurance of renewal, which imply a more tightened calendar.