The design of learning games for learning is a complex task. It involves a large number of challenges for the different stakeholders (e.g. institutions, teachers, technical designers, players, video game experts). Among these challenges, we can note the acculturation to the game, the difficulty to align pedagogical concepts with the game mechanics and diegesis, or the specific needs of communities of practice. Consequently, we observe in the TEL community a strong ad hoc aspect of the design of serious games, especially regarding the game elements used to address specific pedagogical intentions. However, this ad hoc character does not allow to capitalize efficiently on both the serious games created, nor the choices between pedagogical intentions and game elements to implement them. The expertise of the whole community is then difficult to share and to reuse, and it is difficult to efficiently assist the actors in this design stage. The goal of the TALE4GDA project is to bring new assistance to the stakeholders in the design of learning games and to allow the capitalization of these experiences. To do so, we will propose a first formalization of the concept of alignment between a game entity and a pedagogical intention - a pedago-ludic alignment. This will allow us to propose the first topology of shareable alignments: each alignment will be characterized by its relations with the others (e.g. proximity, overlap). We will take a pioneering approach by allowing the annotation of these alignments in a controlled way, exploring even the possibility of exemplifying them with real situations. Thanks to this, we will be able to set up innovative mechanisms for decision support, design and capitalization based on automatic semantic and topological reasoning.

In the 'explorer' project, we will develop methods for automatically capturing and labelling video data in "open worlds". The ultimate goal is the great facilitation of the creation and maintenance of Digital Twins: Digital Twins are virtual 3D copies of complex scenes such as cities, factories, or construction sites. Not just a 3D reconstruction, they should capture the scene's semantics, i.e. the identity of each object and the scene's dynamics, i.e. how objects move. Because Digital Twins have the potential to be extremely useful for monitoring large complex sites and planning the development of these sites, their forecast market is huge, they remain mostly a concept because of important limitations of the current technology. Our methods will guide autonomous systems such as robotic platforms and UAVs through complex and unknown environments to capture visual data for creating and maintaining Digital Twins. This is extremely challenging as these systems will encounter objects without any prior knowledge about them and will have to collect sufficient data about them. To the best of our knowledge, this active and automatic capture in complex real environments is a new problem. It is however very important to solve it as this will relax the need for human expertise and time: Currently, capturing such data is done manually only by researchers and requires strong understanding of what the learning algorithms require. To tackle the complexity of this problem, our approach is inspired by techniques from Artificial Intelligence applied to the exploration of extremely large trees. This approach will allow us to bring the perception part and the planning part of the problem together under the same optimization framework, to formalize it and solve it efficiently. To evaluate our developments, we will create a dataset of annotated video sequences from working sites, which we will share with the community.

Transitions to “low-carbon” development paths (i.e., to development paths with limited greenhouse gases emissions) are unlikely to be achievable solely via technological solutions: behavior, notably consumption patterns, will also have to evolve. However, an assumption implicit in most GHG emissions scenarios is that as income per capita converge across countries, households consumption patterns will converge as well, leading to potentially very high demand for energy, very high demand for natural resources and very high emissions. ECOPA precisely aims at examining how flexible the link between income per capita and consumption patterns is; and at drawing implications of these findings for future emissions scenarios. To do so, ECOPA maps and compares consumption patterns, and their evolution, in France, an “old” industrialized economy, and Brazil, a rapidly emerging economy. In both countries, a combination of econometric analysis of consumption data, household surveys and in-depth studies of representative goods and services is used to (i) map consumption patterns across income groups, and (ii) explore the determinants of their changes over time. Strong emphasis is put on obtaining consistent monetary and physical flows. This is necessary to analyze the energy and emissions implications of consumption patterns, but this constitutes a significant theoretical and empirical stumbling block. Finally, on the basis of the retrospective analysis, scenarios of how household consumption patterns in the two countries might evolve are built and their implications for energy and GHG emissions are computed.

The preservation of built cultural heritage in an urban polluted area is a socio-economic challenge for municipalities. Indeed, stone buildings are continuously exposed to chemical (pollutants such as NOx, CO) and biological (fungi, bacteria, algae) actions that lead to different alteration patterns. Despite important recent progress in the development of nanobiotechnology, nanofabrication and polymerization techniques, the willingness of scientists to design novel materials to prevent stone degradation remains a high research priority. To overcome the environmental damage and to avoid the use of common non-environmentally-friendly biocide reagents for stone restoration and consequently their toxic effect on aquatic and human health, it can be of prime importance to develop new hybrid coatings with respect to « green chemistry process ». In order to propose suitable conservation treatments, our project aims at discriminating the biological and pollution contributions in limestone and marble alteration and evaluating their synergic effects by a multidisciplinary approach. Such coatings will be designed according to the successive following steps: I) Comprehension of the microbial influence on stone degradation, II) identification of the microbial communities on stone surfaces as a function of atmospheric conditions, III) the synthesis of epoxy bio-based monomers along with permanent antimicrobial coatings according to the cationic photopolymerization under visible light illumination with natural dyes, IV) the synthesis of removal coatings via a “click-chemistry” process (PhotoDiels-Alder) from two kinds of precursor, i.e. one containing maleimide group and a second one derived from anthracenyl function derived from natural dyes and V) the study of the durability and the mechanical resistance of the coatings deposited on stone substrates, and their resistance in real atmospheric conditions. Our motivation is to propose, in a reduced time, new low cost antimicrobial coatings from bio-based compounds according to“environmentally-friendly chemistry” with strong mechanical and permanent antimicrobial properties. We definitely avoid as far as possible the use of petroleum-based monomer, solvents or other hazardous molecules to respect the common environmental standards. In conclusion, the major breakthroughs of this project compared to literature investigations are: 1) Comprehension of limestone and marble alteration as a function of the composition of the microbial communities and pollutants; 2) The design of new permanent protective coatings according to the analysis of the living microbial communities present on stone monument as a function of seasons and pollutants; 3) The elaboration of bio-based coatings according to a cationic photopolymerization process under visible light or sunlight irradiation in air conditions; 4) The design and the easily conception of «environmentally-friendly» bio-based materials in a reduced time; 5) The use of natural dyes which play a double role (photosensitizer for the initiation of the polymerization and promoter of reactive oxygen species under visible light illumination) lead to a permanent antimicrobial coatings and 6) Development of removal protective coatings via antracenyl/maleimide based molecules.