This paper examines the divine philosophy of Muhammad Iqbal's thought. Iqbal tries to understand God by using ego. The ego is a representation of God. In the ego, religious experience is more important as an effort to get closer to God. This research method uses a descriptive-analytical approach. The study found that Muhammad Iqbal's understanding of God put more emphasis on an esoteric approach, not an exoteric approach. The conception of divine philosophy according to Muhammad Iqbal is actually how to function human potential, by always implementing Islamic teachings and the concept of monotheism. Thus, Muslims can practice monotheism in carrying out their worship.
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filsafat qurani merupakan pemikiran mendalam yang dilandasai Al-Qur’an yang menggambarkan manusia, baik secara bentuk atau model kejadian seperti Adam tanpa Bapak dan Ibu, Hawa tanpa Ibu tetapi ada Bapak, Isa ada Ibu tanpa ada Bapak dan Muhammad ada Bapak dan Ibu, sama seperti kita semua yang tercipta ada Bapak dan Ada Ibu melalui pernikahan yang syah. Kemudian manusia disebut dengan sebutan yang indah adalah an-Nas adalah makhluk sosial, al-Insan adalah makhluk bermoral, al-Basyar adalah makhluk biologis, al-Abdu adalah makhluk religious dan Bani Adam adalah makhluk historis.
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artikel ini mencoba mengeksplorasi doktrin atau pemikiran al-Mâturîdiy dan pengaruhnya terhadap paham paham Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama’ah. Maturidiyyah merupakan aliran rasionalis yang mewakili Ahlus-Sunnah wal Jama’ah. Meski demikian, rasionalitas mereka tidak menjadikan mereka berlebihan dalam menggunakan akal, sebab wahyu dalam pandangan mereka mempunyai otoritas yang tidak kecil dalam pemikiran-pemikiran teologis mereka. Ada beberapa faktor yang memberikan dampak kepada pengaruh al-Mâturîdiy tidak melebihi luasnya paham Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama’ah ketimbang al-Asy'ariy, antara lain adalah faktor geografis, faktor etos moral dalam bermazhab dan faktor politik.
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This research aims to find out more about the attributes of God and their division in terms of similarities and differences between Shia, Mu'tazilah and Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama'ah. These three schools recognize that God has properties based on God's revelation, such as qudrat, hayat, iradah, bashar, sama, qadim, wujud, and kalam. The division of God's attributes is based on reason. Although there are differences, they do not interfere with the basis of Islamic faith, such as Mu'tazilah rejecting the existence of God's attributes but recognizing the existence of God's Substance and its division. Shia divides the nature of God into two things: the nature of Tsubutiyah and Salbiya. Mu'tazilah has three properties of God's Substance, namely the Fi'li nature of God, the nature of God's Substance, and God's Body. Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama'ah has three attributes: obligatory nature, impossible nature, and Jaiz nature of God. The difference is used as knowledge and God's mercy and should not fade the unity of Islam.
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At the beginning of the emergence of hermeneutic studies, its characters used this approach to interpret the Bible. Then the more this science began to develop, finally a thought emerged that the exegetical methods applied to the Bible could also be applied to other books. In other words, other holy books can also be interpreted using the hermeneutic approach. In the postmodernism era, Muslim figures and their thoughts emerged. One of them is Mohammed Arkoun, because he has lived in France for a long time and has been appointed as a lecturer at Sorbonne University, many of his thoughts are oriented to figures, especially western linguistic figures. He tried to interpret the Qur'an using the Hermeneutic method. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research, where the data source is in the form of documents related to this research. The result is Arkoun's phenomenal thinking about the interpretation of "revelation" in the Al-Qur'an. He considers that the Al-Qur'an that we have today is not the original revelation/text, this article will discuss the concepts that underlie Arkoun's thoughts on the interpretation of revelation.
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Discussions about tawhid have been controversial and debated by previous scholars. That is because some of them express God's Oneness using logic. However, Ibn Taymiyah tried to reform the nationalized tawhid based on the Qur'an and the Sunnah. And unequivocally criticize arguments that are not all with Islamic values. However, the renewal of Ibn Taymiyah's thinking was not immediately accepted by some scholars. Shaikh Taqiyuddin as-Subki, for example, judged ibn Taymiyah's reform discourse to be rigid and out of al-ittiba' and switched to al-ibtida'. Thus this discourse of renewal is an oddity carried out by Ibn Taymiyah. However, although it is considered strange, Ibn Taymiyah's thinking is considered more likely to be exclusive. So the study of religion makes Islam easy to understand by Modern Muslims. Including the concept of tawhid by classifying it into three parts. None other than that modern Muslims can understand tawhid universally and comprehensively. By studying some of Ibn Taymiyah's books and other supporters the author tried to explain the concept of tawhid and the discourse of renewal.
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Sociology is a science that studies human-human relations. Sociology emerged later than other disciplines. Max Weber, a western sociologist who studies the eastern world as the object of his study, is considered to have a lot of ethnocentric content, namely Eurocentric. This has implications for the creation of a reflection of Europe, namely the east, which Weber describes eloquently. Although at first Weber tried to explain the process of change in Western Europe, but oddly enough, he studied the east as the other or the other of Europe. As a methodological tool, the author uses library research. In this study, the author uses Hassan Hanafi's Occidentalism approach to challenge the Eurocentrism narrative offered by Max Weber. The results of this study indicate that Eurocentrism is attributed to Europe which in the course of history will lead to major humanitarian problems that Weber did not calculate such as colonialism and imperialism and requires a full lawsuit against the discourse through Occidentalism.
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Tulisan ini berupaya mengeksplorasi hubungan teologi Islam dan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) dalam pemikiran Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na’im. Hubungan antara Islam dan HAM hingga saat ini masih menjadi topik yang selalu hangat untuk diperdebatkan bahkan dipertentangkan, baik dari historisitas maupun segi filosofis-teologisnya. An-Na’im dikenal sebagai salah satu tokoh yang memiliki komitmen kuat terhadap Islam sekaligus mempunyai dedikasi yang tinggi terhadap HAM. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka (library research) yang bersifat kualitatif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengungkap pemikiran Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na’im yang memiliki pandangan berbeda dengan tokoh lain terhadap teologi Islam dan HAM. Dalam pandangan An-Na’im, untuk dapat membaca HAM dalam konteks Islam secara jernih perlu adanya reformasi dalam internal umat Islam yang didalamnya melibatkan unsus-unsur teologis dan didasarkan dengan asas kemanusiaan serta disesuaikan dengan konteks kekinian.
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Piagam Madinah terbentuk sebagai dokumentasi politik yang paling istimewa dalam sejarah Islam. Piagam ini merupakan konstiusi Negara pertama yang ditulis dalam sejarah pada abad ke-tujuh Masehi yang memuat 47 pasal yang sangat sistematis uraianya dari muqadimah, pembahasan dan penutup. Piagam Madinah ini memuat nilai pembentukan umat, hak asasi, persatuan seagama, persatuan segenap warga negara, golongan minoritas, melindungi negara, pimpinan negara, politik perdamaian. Piagam Madinah sebagai dokumen yang berisi nilai, norma, hukum dan aturan hidup bermasyarakat yang majemuk. serta ajaran dasar akan pengakuan tinggi atas perbedaan etentitas sosial dan politik, perbedaan agama dan keyakinan yang ada dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Piagam Madinah ini juga menjamin dan menlindungi semua elemen kehidupan umat beragama dalam menjalankan ajaran agamanya serta membangun hidup rukun dan damai, toleransi yang saling menghargai dan menghormati serta lemah lembut dan lapang dada sehingga menjadi nilai dasar kebebasan beragama yang toleransi tinggi.
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Artikel ini mengeksplorasi hubungan demikrasi dan Islam. Demokrasi bukan saja tidak bertentangan dengan Islam, tetapi mewujudkan ajaran Islam itu wajib dalam kehidupan bernegara. Banyak ayat-ayat al-Qur’an dan Hadits yang memerintahkan untuk bermusyawarah. Juga dicontohkan oleh para shahabat Nabi, bahkan Tuhan menyatakan bahwa pemerintahan yang Islami adalah khilafah. Dan khilafah ditandai antara lain dengan syura (musyawarah). Dunia yang semakin menggelobal menciptakan keterkaitan, dan ketergantungan satu dengan yang lain semakin kuat, namun kenyataannya di masyarakat kesenjangan semakin menganga, baik antar individu mapun kelompok atau Negara. Menurut Ronald F. Inglehart, peneliti bidang ekonomi dan politik Universitas Michigen, “populis terjadi dua faktor, kesenjangan sosial, dan benturan kebudayaan”. Inilah diantara pemicu munculnya politik identitas. Dalam konteks ke Indonesiaan Politik Identitas dipersubur antara lain: oleh kesenjangan sosial, lemahnya literasi, buruknya kelembagaan politik, polarisasi politik yang tidak merata. Politik identitas sesungguhnya bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam dan merusak sendi-sendi kehidupan bernegara bahkan bertentangan dengan nilai kemanusiaan, dan keadilan.
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This paper examines the divine philosophy of Muhammad Iqbal's thought. Iqbal tries to understand God by using ego. The ego is a representation of God. In the ego, religious experience is more important as an effort to get closer to God. This research method uses a descriptive-analytical approach. The study found that Muhammad Iqbal's understanding of God put more emphasis on an esoteric approach, not an exoteric approach. The conception of divine philosophy according to Muhammad Iqbal is actually how to function human potential, by always implementing Islamic teachings and the concept of monotheism. Thus, Muslims can practice monotheism in carrying out their worship.
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filsafat qurani merupakan pemikiran mendalam yang dilandasai Al-Qur’an yang menggambarkan manusia, baik secara bentuk atau model kejadian seperti Adam tanpa Bapak dan Ibu, Hawa tanpa Ibu tetapi ada Bapak, Isa ada Ibu tanpa ada Bapak dan Muhammad ada Bapak dan Ibu, sama seperti kita semua yang tercipta ada Bapak dan Ada Ibu melalui pernikahan yang syah. Kemudian manusia disebut dengan sebutan yang indah adalah an-Nas adalah makhluk sosial, al-Insan adalah makhluk bermoral, al-Basyar adalah makhluk biologis, al-Abdu adalah makhluk religious dan Bani Adam adalah makhluk historis.
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artikel ini mencoba mengeksplorasi doktrin atau pemikiran al-Mâturîdiy dan pengaruhnya terhadap paham paham Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama’ah. Maturidiyyah merupakan aliran rasionalis yang mewakili Ahlus-Sunnah wal Jama’ah. Meski demikian, rasionalitas mereka tidak menjadikan mereka berlebihan dalam menggunakan akal, sebab wahyu dalam pandangan mereka mempunyai otoritas yang tidak kecil dalam pemikiran-pemikiran teologis mereka. Ada beberapa faktor yang memberikan dampak kepada pengaruh al-Mâturîdiy tidak melebihi luasnya paham Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama’ah ketimbang al-Asy'ariy, antara lain adalah faktor geografis, faktor etos moral dalam bermazhab dan faktor politik.
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This research aims to find out more about the attributes of God and their division in terms of similarities and differences between Shia, Mu'tazilah and Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama'ah. These three schools recognize that God has properties based on God's revelation, such as qudrat, hayat, iradah, bashar, sama, qadim, wujud, and kalam. The division of God's attributes is based on reason. Although there are differences, they do not interfere with the basis of Islamic faith, such as Mu'tazilah rejecting the existence of God's attributes but recognizing the existence of God's Substance and its division. Shia divides the nature of God into two things: the nature of Tsubutiyah and Salbiya. Mu'tazilah has three properties of God's Substance, namely the Fi'li nature of God, the nature of God's Substance, and God's Body. Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama'ah has three attributes: obligatory nature, impossible nature, and Jaiz nature of God. The difference is used as knowledge and God's mercy and should not fade the unity of Islam.
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At the beginning of the emergence of hermeneutic studies, its characters used this approach to interpret the Bible. Then the more this science began to develop, finally a thought emerged that the exegetical methods applied to the Bible could also be applied to other books. In other words, other holy books can also be interpreted using the hermeneutic approach. In the postmodernism era, Muslim figures and their thoughts emerged. One of them is Mohammed Arkoun, because he has lived in France for a long time and has been appointed as a lecturer at Sorbonne University, many of his thoughts are oriented to figures, especially western linguistic figures. He tried to interpret the Qur'an using the Hermeneutic method. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research, where the data source is in the form of documents related to this research. The result is Arkoun's phenomenal thinking about the interpretation of "revelation" in the Al-Qur'an. He considers that the Al-Qur'an that we have today is not the original revelation/text, this article will discuss the concepts that underlie Arkoun's thoughts on the interpretation of revelation.
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Discussions about tawhid have been controversial and debated by previous scholars. That is because some of them express God's Oneness using logic. However, Ibn Taymiyah tried to reform the nationalized tawhid based on the Qur'an and the Sunnah. And unequivocally criticize arguments that are not all with Islamic values. However, the renewal of Ibn Taymiyah's thinking was not immediately accepted by some scholars. Shaikh Taqiyuddin as-Subki, for example, judged ibn Taymiyah's reform discourse to be rigid and out of al-ittiba' and switched to al-ibtida'. Thus this discourse of renewal is an oddity carried out by Ibn Taymiyah. However, although it is considered strange, Ibn Taymiyah's thinking is considered more likely to be exclusive. So the study of religion makes Islam easy to understand by Modern Muslims. Including the concept of tawhid by classifying it into three parts. None other than that modern Muslims can understand tawhid universally and comprehensively. By studying some of Ibn Taymiyah's books and other supporters the author tried to explain the concept of tawhid and the discourse of renewal.
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Sociology is a science that studies human-human relations. Sociology emerged later than other disciplines. Max Weber, a western sociologist who studies the eastern world as the object of his study, is considered to have a lot of ethnocentric content, namely Eurocentric. This has implications for the creation of a reflection of Europe, namely the east, which Weber describes eloquently. Although at first Weber tried to explain the process of change in Western Europe, but oddly enough, he studied the east as the other or the other of Europe. As a methodological tool, the author uses library research. In this study, the author uses Hassan Hanafi's Occidentalism approach to challenge the Eurocentrism narrative offered by Max Weber. The results of this study indicate that Eurocentrism is attributed to Europe which in the course of history will lead to major humanitarian problems that Weber did not calculate such as colonialism and imperialism and requires a full lawsuit against the discourse through Occidentalism.
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