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This article has been retracted/removal: please see IJoLTe publication etichs on duties of authors, section Multiple, Redundant or Concurrent Publication (https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/IJoLTE/Ethics) This article has been retracted/Remove at the request of the Editor-in-Chief of IRJE Journal, because the article previously has been published on that journal. If you want to get the article, please visit to: https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/irje/article/view/5909 International Journal of Language Teaching and Education takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal for this problems. Regards, IJoLTe Team

The Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of Indonesia has prioritized education in the disadvantaged, outermost, and frontier regions (3T) by implementing a program called Sarjana Mendidik di daerah Terdepan, Terluar, dan Tertinggal (SM-3T), which is a year program for teacher education graduates to devote their lives teaching in the rural areas of Indonesia. The government sees the importance of promoting education in rural areas as a shared responsibility that must be done as a form of devotion to the nation. Every year the government sends thousands of teachers of various subjects as an effort to meet the needs of teachers in rural areas, which is still far from enough. Teachers who in fact come from urban areas certainly experience many challenges when they teach in rural areas with lack of facilities. This paper aims at finding out the challenges faced by teachers, especially English language teachers in carrying out teaching and learning activities in rural Indonesian schools. Framed by a humanistic perspective, questionnaires and in-depth interviews were employed as data collection techniques in this narrative case study. Furthermore, this study is expected to contribute to the teacher professional development in the rural areas.

Front Matter Volume 2, Nomor 2, July 2018

This study aimed to describe the quality of the paragraph and its development pattern in the essay writing of elementary school (Sekolah Dasar – SD) students in Jambi City (Kota Jambi – KJ) (SD-KJ). This study utilized a "quantitative descriptive" design. The population was all essays written by the fifth-grade students of SD-KJ. The sample of this research was 35 paragraphs from the essay writing of the fifth-grade students of SD-KJ. The data analysis steps were searching for frequency distribution of paragraph quality and development pattern; grouping the paragraph frequency distribution according to their quality; counting the percentage of each paragraph quality and type of development pattern; and presenting the results. Regarding to paragraph quality, the results are: (1) paragraph completeness, good (5.71%), poor (68.57%), and bad (25.70%); (2) paragraph unity, good (34.58%); poor (51.42%); and bad (14.28%); (3) paragraph order, good (28.57%); poor (51.42%); and bad (20%); and (4) paragraph coherence, good (54.28%); poor (34.28%); and bad (11.42%). Reffering to the implementation of the paragraph development pattern, the results are paragraph development pattern of comparison and contradiction: 20%, analogy: 5.71%, giving examples: 8.57%, cause and effect: 48.57%; general-specific or specific-general: 11.42%, and classification: 5.71%.

The research aimed to investigate the bilingual students’ experience in learning English. The method chosen is phenomenological research. The researcher collected the data trough interview. The finding of the research found in this research are: the students’ started to go to international school from toddler, nursery, kindergarten or even primary school, the students able to speak English well because of the school environment demanded them to speak English; not only at school the students also improve their English by joining in English private tutorial; and the last, the students acquired the second language by some platform such as English movie, YouTube, online game.

Writing is considered as an important but a difficult language skill for undergraduates. To develop writing skills, undergraduates need to be given the opportunity to interact with and help one another in the writing process. They also need to be supported by teachers in the process. However, most of the traditional teaching methods adopted by writing instructors in Nigeria do not allow students to interact in the learning process. In this light, this study investigates the effects of a problem-based learning approach (PBL) on the writing performance of Nigerian undergraduates. The study employed a pre- and- post-treatment quasi-experimental research design. The participants (n=18) involved in the study were an intact class of second-year students taking English composition course and two tutors in a college in North-eastern Nigeria. The study was conducted over a period of 12 weeks. To determine the effects of PBL on the participants’ writing performance, a rating scale was used to rate the content, organisation, vocabulary, grammar and mechanical accuracy of the pre- and post-treatment writing scripts. A paired-sample t-test analysis was run to compare the mean scores of the undergraduates’ pre- and post-treatment writing. The results showed significant improvements in all the components (content, organisation, vocabulary, language use and mechanics) of the participants’ writing in the post-treatment. The paper concludes with a discussion on the pedagogical and theoretical contributions of the findings. It provides writing instructors with a student-centred approach that would help to develop their students’ writing skills.

A conducive learning situation is essential in learning English. However, one problem that usually disturbs the learning situation is the appearance of disruptive behavior. Students' disruptive behavior is an inappropriate behavior conducted by students during the learning process which turns the classroom into unconducive. Exactly, there are several factors contribute to the occurrence of disruptive behavior in the English lesson, especially on senior high school students. Thus, the current study was a case study aimed to investigate several causes of students' disruptive behavior in English teaching-learning process in the classroom. The subjects of this study consisted of an English teacher and a class of twelfth-grade students in a small town in Indonesia. The data were collected using observation and interview. The result of this study showed that students' disruptive behavior in the English classroom was caused by internal factor and external factor. Feeling boredom, feeling anxiety, and seeking attention were internal factor that became the occurrence of disruptive behavior. While fatigue was the external factor that causes the emergence of students' disruptive behavior in the English teaching-learning process in the classroom. Keywords Disruptive Behavior, English Classroom, Senior High School Students, Teachers’ Management

Front Matter Vol 2, March 2018