This dataset contains messages published and replies received by government weather and climate authorities on the X (former Twitter) social media platforms. The data comprises government weather and climate authorities for the Brazilian cities of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, and Belém. Government weather and climate authorities are city hall departments or sectors responsible for informing and keeping the population updated about weather events. Publications made by the authority and replies published by citizens to these publications are observed. This data supports the study on the interaction dynamics between the climate authority and citizens over time. Data Structure Two files are available publications.csv and replies.csv. Each line in the publications' file (publications.csv) refers to an authority publication/tweet. For each publication, it is stored the public authority's unique Twitter identifier (AUTHORITY_ID), the tweet unique identifier (TWEET_ID), the Unix timestamp that indicates when it was published (TIMESTAMP), and the text of the publication (TEXT). Each line in the replies file (replies.csv) is a reply from a citizen to an authority. For each reply, it is stored the authority's unique Twitter identifier (AUTHORITY_ID), the unique identifier of the authority's tweet being replied to (TWEET_ID), the replier masked unique Twitter identifier (AUTHOR_ID), and the reply Unix timestamp (TIMESTAMP) that indicates when it was published. All data were collected through the X's application programming interface (API) provided to scientific researchers. Publications and replies were posted by users (authorities and citizens) with public visibility. Data Content The dataset covers 1-year observation period, starting on July 17, 2021, and ending on June 16, 2022. It contains a total of 10,229 publications and 5,471 replies. The observed authorities are as follows: City Authority name X handle AUTHORITY_ID São Paulo Centro de Gerenciamento de Emergências Climáticas da Prefeitura de SP @cge_sp 268407434 Rio de Janeiro Sistema de Alerta localizado no Centro de Operações do Rio (COR) @alertario 87487749 Belo Horizonte Defesa Civil de Belo Horizonte @defesacivilbh 837731966 Porto Alegre Defesa Civil Porto Alegre @defesacivilpoa 1037420896473022466 Belém Defesa Civil de Belém @defesacivilbel 1346501728632500225 As weather and climate authorities are government bodies, the whole content of their publications is of public interest according to Brazilian law. Thus, the text messages in their publications on social media are in the public domain and are stored in this dataset. As the data structure describes, text messages of citizens' replies are not stored. According to the terms of use of the X platform, citizen text messages cannot be publicly stored outside the X platform. Such text messages are public on that platform, and, for reproductivity, they can be recollected using the platform web page or API informing the TWEET_ID stored in this dataset.