This article systematically investigates the modern trends of technological and innovation growth under the conditions of the global economy's digital transformation. In a phase where the efficiency of traditional resources in ensuring economic growth is declining, the integration of artificial intelligence, Big Data, and automated digital technologies into economic sectors is analyzed as a primary driver of macroeconomic stability. Throughout the study, the role of technological progress in increasing production productivity and reducing transaction costs is comparatively examined, while the negative consequences of the "digital divide" are highlighted. The paper develops scientific and practical proposals as well as recommendations for transitioning the economies of developing nations into an innovative model and accelerating the pace of technological growth.