The cell area (mm2), TAGs, and chlorophyll intensities (arbitrary fluorescence units (AFU)) to describe dynamic cellular responses of Chlorella to PBCV-1 infection. To understand how cells respond to PBCV-1 infection, six algal samples (three infected with PBCV-1 and three uninfected controls) were collected at 0, 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours post-infection for high-resolution epifluorescence microscopy. Neutral lipids were stained with BODIPY® 505/515 and DAPI was used to define nuclear contours. Images were captured on a Nikon Eclipse Ni-U microscope with fixed exposure times across DAPI, BODIPY, and chlorophyll channels to ensure consistent comparisons of fluorescence intensities. The cell ID corresponds to individual cells analyzed, where each unique identifier represents a single cell (Cell ID 1 = one cell, Cell ID 2 = another cell, and so on). The data for the uninfected controls (positive controls) at T0 are available in the Zenodo dataset under Cell IDs 1-122. For internal validation of fluorescence signals, Escherichia coli was strategically included as a negative control, leveraging its inherent lack of both TAGs and chlorophyll, thus providing a clear baseline for background fluorescence. The data for the negative control are available in the dataset under Cell IDs 3420-4050.