The most common nutritional issue worldwide, particularly in underdeveloped nations, is iron deficiency. Pregnant women, newborns, young children, and adolescents have particularly high needs since they are at a higher risk of iron deficiency. Low dietary iron bioavailability is a major contributor to iron insufficiency in underdeveloped nations. The effects of iron deficiency are numerous and severe, having an impact not only on an individuals health but also on the growth of civilizations and nations. Coordinating several approaches is necessary for the prevention and treatment of anemia and iron deficiency in all populations with varying needs for iron. The most prevalent type of anemia in the world is iron deficiency anemia and the most frequent cause of iron deficiency anemia in men and postmenopausal women is blood loss from gastrointestinal tract lesions. Iron deficiency anemia is brought on by either iron malabsorption or blood loss. Individualized treatment plans may be necessary for certain patient populations, including premenopausal women, people with low-normal ferritin levels, and people with iron deficiency but not anemia. Despite normal endoscopies returning negative results, a tiny percentage of patients nevertheless develop recurrent or persistent iron deficiency anemia. Patients must get intravenous iron because oral iron is ineffective in treating anemia. The response to iron supplementation by parenteral route varies but typically causes Hb levels to rise over time compared to people with acquired iron deficiency, the anemia is only partially corrected, and the process is more slower. Additionally, microcytosis persists, Hb levels rarely return to normal, and transferrin saturation is still below the ideal range. Contrarily, serum ferritin rises after iron injections, albeit in a dose-dependent way.