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Tohoku Mathematical Journal
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Other literature type . 1997
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Article . 1997
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Tohoku Mathematical Journal
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Normal contact structures on $3$-manifolds

Normal contact structures on 3-manifolds
Authors: Geiges, Hansjörg;

Normal contact structures on $3$-manifolds

Abstract

A closed 3-manifold \(M\) is called a contact manifold if it carries a global differential 1-form \(\eta\) such that \(\eta \wedge d\eta\) is a volume form. \(M\) admits a global nonvanishing vector field \(\xi\) such that \(\eta(\xi)=1\) and \(d\eta(\xi,X)=0\) for all vector fields \(X\) on \(M\). On a contact distribution \({\mathcal D}=\ker \eta\) one can find an endomorphism \(J\colon{\mathcal D}\to{\mathcal D}\) compatible with \(d\eta\) in the sense that \(d\eta(JX,JY)=d\eta(X,Y)\). \(J\) is defined uniquely up to homotopy. The triple \((J,\xi,\eta)\), in other words, the reduction of the structure group of \(M\) to \(\text{U}(1)\times 1\), is called an almost contact structure on \(M\). If an almost complex structure \(\overline J\) defined on \(M\times \mathbb{R}\) by \(\overline J(X,t)=(JX-t\xi,\eta(X))\) is integrable, then the almost contact structure \((J,\xi,\eta)\) and the contact form \(\eta\) are called normal. In this paper, the author determines manifolds diffeomorphic to closed 3-manifolds that admit normal contact or almost contact forms. In Theorem 1, the author proves that a closed 3-manifold admits a normal contact form if and only if it is diffeomorphic to a manifold of the form \(\Gamma \backslash X\), where \(X\) is either \(S^3\), \(\widetilde{\text{SL}}_2\) (the universal covering of \(\text{SL}_2(\mathbb{R})\)), or \(\text{Nil}^3\) (the Heisenberg group), and \(\Gamma\) is a (torsion free) subgroup of the identity component \(\text{Isom}_0 X\) of \(X\). The manifolds in this theorem are the Seifert fibred 3-manifolds with nonzero Euler number over orientable base orbifolds. \textit{H. Sato} [Tôhoku Math. J., II. Ser. 29, 577-584 (1977; Zbl 0382.53031)] proved that if \(M\) admits a normal almost contact structure, then \(\pi_2(M)=0\) or \(M\) is diffeomorphic to \(S^2 \times S^1\). In Theorem 2, the author completes the investigation begun by Sato and proves that \(M\) admits a normal almost contact structure if and only if \(M\) is diffeomorphic to one of the manifolds listed in Theorem 1 or to either \(\Gamma \backslash (H^2 \times E^1)\) with \(\Gamma\subset \text{Isom}_0 (H^2 \times E^1)\), or a \(T^2\)-bundle over \(S^1\) with periodic monodromy (a Euclidean 3-manifold that admits a Seifert fibration over an orientable 2-orbifold), or \(S^2 \times S^1\). The proofs of both theorems are based on the results by \textit{H.-T. Geiges} and \textit{J. Gonzalo} [Invent. Math. 121, No. 1, 147-209 (1995)], where the compact complex surfaces diffeomorphic to the product \(M\times S^1\) of a 3-manifold \(M\) and \(S^1\) are determined. If \(M\) admits a normal almost contact structure, then the integrable almost complex structure \(\overline J\) on \(M\times \mathbb{R}\) defined as above induces such a complex surface, which is contained in the class of complex surfaces with geometric structures discussed by \textit{C. T. C. Wall} [Topology 25, No. 2, 119-153 (1986; Zbl 0602.57014)]. To prove the theorems the author examines the possibilities of \(M\times S^1\) under the existence of the contact form on \(M\).

Keywords

almost contact structure, Topology of general \(3\)-manifolds, contact structure, Compact complex surfaces, normal contact structure, spherical geometry, Seifert manifold, Specialized structures on manifolds (spin manifolds, framed manifolds, etc.), 57M50, 53C15, 57N10, normal almost contact structure, General geometric structures on manifolds (almost complex, almost product structures, etc.), General geometric structures on low-dimensional manifolds, 57R15, compact complex surface, 3-manifold

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
33
Top 10%
Top 10%
Average
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