This study investigates the impact of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices on organizational performance, with a focus on manufacturing industries. Drawing on stakeholder theory and the resource-based view, the research examines the contributions of green procurement, manufacturing, packaging, logistics, and reverse logistics to environmental, operational, financial, and social outcomes. A structured survey of 389 managers was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), revealing that green practices have a significant impact on enhancing environmental performance, operational efficiency, profitability, and stakeholder trust. The findings also highlight the mediating role of green innovation and the moderating influence of organizational culture and leadership commitment in maximizing sustainability benefits. The results provide empirical evidence that embedding sustainability into supply chain operations is not only an environmental necessity but also a driver of long-term competitiveness, resilience, and value creation.