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L'évaluation croisée entre pairs pour accompagner l'entrée dans le métier des enseignants professionnels

Cross-peer reviews to support the entry into the profession of professional teachers
Authors: Neuhaus, Olivier;

L'évaluation croisée entre pairs pour accompagner l'entrée dans le métier des enseignants professionnels

Abstract

Pour accompagner l’entrée dans le métier des enseignants professionnels novices et l’important changement identitaire qu’elle provoque, un dispositif basé sur l’évaluation croisée entre pairs novices a été mis en place dans plusieurs établissements de Suisse romande. Le dispositif permet à des groupes de 2 à 3 novices, accompagnés par un facilitateur, d’échanger plusieurs fois sur l’année en autoconfrontation collective sur la base de traces vidéo filmées par leurs soins. La recherche réalisée sur ce dispositif a pour but d’identifier les déplacements des participants quant aux natures des propos rapportés d’une rencontre à l’autre. Une analyse par théorisation ancrée ainsi que des analyses détaillées d’extraits de verbatims permettent de relever les rôles des participants et du facilitateur, les apports et les conditions nécessaires au bon fonctionnement du dispositif.Les résultats mettent en lumière les déplacements réalisés par les novices dans le cadre du dispositif et relèvent de multiples apports tels que l’amélioration de la capacité de visualisation des novices et le travail réalisé sur l’identité professionnelle. L’importance de passer par la formation des novices aux registres descriptifs, interprétatifs et évaluatifs avant d’entrer dans l’analyse de leur propre vidéo est également relevée.La posture singulière du facilitateur dans le processus est également abordée.En conclusion, le dispositif répond bien aux besoins spécifiques de la formation professionnelle et mérite d’être étendu à d’autres établissements et expérimenté dans d’autres domaines de formation.

In order to accompany the entry into the profession of novice professional teachers and the significant change in identity that this entails, a system based on cross-assessment between novice peers has been set up in several schools in French-speaking Switzerland. The system allows groups of 2 to 3 novices, accompanied by a facilitator, to exchange information several times a year in a self-configuration group based on video footage filmed by them.The research carried out on this system aims to identify the participants' movements with regard to the nature of the comments from one meeting to the next. An analysis by grounded theorising and detailed analyses of verbatim extracts make it possible to identify the roles of the participants and the facilitator, the contributions and the conditions necessary for the latter to function properly.The results highlight the movements made by the novices within the framework of the system and reveal multiple contributions such as the improvement in the novices' ability to visualise and the work carried out on their professional identity. The importance of training the novices in the descriptive, interpretative and evaluative registers before entering into the analysis of their own video is also noted. The facilitator's singular posture in the process is also discussed.In conclusion, the device responds well to the specific needs of vocational training and deserves to be extended to other institutions and experimented with in other training areas.

Mots-clés : Évaluation croisée, accompagnement groupal, enquête collaborative, enseignement professionnel.

Keywords: Cross-assessment, group coaching, collaborative inquiry, professional education.

Keywords

accompagnement groupal, FOS: Educational sciences, Évaluation croisée, enseignement professionnel, enquête collaborative

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