The analysis of stress distribution around an internal elliptical hole under axial stress is a challenging task in engineering design and analysis due do the action of external. In recent years, the finite difference technique has been widely used to investigate the stress distribution in such structures. In this paper, stress distribution of two-dimensional rectangular plates with elliptical holes in elastic bodies have been analyzed using the finite difference method. The results show that stress concentration occurs near the boundary of the hole, and the presence of the hole weakens the plate. The most critical section of the plate is through the center of the hole and perpendicular to the loading direction. The points on the boundary of the hole on this section are the most susceptible to failure. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and optimization of engineering structures. Further research can extend these findings to other geometries, loading conditions, and material properties, to improve the safety and efficiency of engineering systems.