This dataset is a complete set of raw, processed and analyzed data, complete with Jupiter notebooks, associated with the manuscript mentioned in the title. In the manuscript, we provide a ``systems architecture''-like overview and detailed discussions of the methodological and instrumental components that, together, comprise the "MOUSE" project (Methodology Optimization for Ultrafine Structure Exploration). Through this project, we aim to provide a comprehensive methodology for obtaining the highest quality X-ray scattering information (at small and wide angles) from measurements on materials science samples.