As the proteomic analysis of dietary peptides retrieved from archaeological materials becomes more common, new methods of authentication need to be considered. Here we present an oral signature screening database (hereafter OSSD) developed specifically for ancient dental calculus. By using the OSSD as a first screening step we hope it can help users quickly identify problematic samples as well as those which could potentially be good candidates for endogenous dietary proteins. The raw data can be found on MassIVE (record number: MSV000086557; doi:10.25345/C5PR4T) Please see the documentation for more information about the database and its use. Version History: v.0 is just one FASTA file with all of the proteins including several dairy proteins. v.1.0 contains FASTA files for the different components (lab contaminants, common contaminants, oral microbiome proteins, and human immune response proteins) as well as a complete FASTA file which contains all of the proteins together. Dietary proteins are not included in this version. The documentation also contains the corrected link to the data on MassIVE.