Neutrosophic cognitive maps and their application in decision-making have become an important subject for researchers and practitioners. Especially, PESTEL analysis based on neutrosophic cognitive maps is a useful method, which permits to analyse specific topics statically. In the present paper strategies for the external factors that contribute to the identification of agricultural contexts in the South-Eastern plain of the province of Pinar del Río, Cuba are studied based on PESTEL analysis and neutrosophic cognitive maps. Here, PEST analysis incorporates Ecological and Legal factors and their characteristics. This study aims to determine which factors affect the agricultural sustainability of the South - Eastern plain of the province of Pinar del Río. The main contribution of the present paper is that it was identified quantitatively the factors that affect the agricultural sustainability, they are, the technological, political and economic ones.