This policy brief examines the evolution of modern Pan-Turkism as a geopolitical strategy and evaluates its implications for Greece, Cyprus, the European Union, NATO and regional security in the Eastern Mediterranean and Central Asia. It provides a concise analytical framework describing the ideological, military, economic and cultural instruments used by Ankara to influence Turkic-origin states and populations – including defence cooperation, drone proliferation, energy diplomacy, soft-power networks and educational influence. The brief aims to support policymakers, analysts and researchers by offering actionable insights and outlining potential strategic responses for Greece and its allies. It is part of the independent strategic research work of George Papasimakis.