This article examines the development of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and its impact on Uzbekistan’s economy. Originally conceived to connect Asia, Europe, and the Pacific, the BRI has expanded into a global network that includes over 150 countries. By improving infrastructure, transport links, and trade cooperation, the initiative aims to reshape international connectivity. Uzbekistan’s strategic location along the China–Central Asia–West Asia Corridor positions it as an important transit hub. Participation in the BRI has enabled the country to modernize its transport system, simplify customs procedures, and gain wider access to regional and global markets. Projects such as the future China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway and increased trade ties with Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Türkiye highlight the growing significance of this corridor. China has become Uzbekistan’s largest trading partner and a major investor, especially in infrastructure, energy, and manufacturing. These investments support technological development and job creation, but also raise concerns about growing dependence on Chinese capital and the sustainability of certain projects.