This document is the **Adapted International Edition** of the Natural LanguageOS (NL-OS) whitepaper. It is a globally optimized rewrite of the OriginalJapanese Edition, authored and supervised by Masaya Ochiai. Unlike the Literal English Edition, which mirrors the Japanese text line byline, this Adapted Edition restructures, clarifies, and refines the narrativeto improve readability for international researchers while preserving thetechnical intent, conceptual accuracy, and architectural details of theprimary source. This edition presents: • The definition of Natural Language OS • The Language-as-Code paradigm • The NL-OS Three-Layer Architecture (Persistent Layer / Runtime Layer / Meta Layer) • The relationship between NL-OS, ArcOS, PolyAgora, and Echoos • Conceptual grounding for future NL-OS research and implementation This document is part of the NL-OS Foundation Series, consisting of: • **Original Japanese Edition** — the authoritative primary source • **Literal English Edition** — a faithful linguistic mirror • **Adapted International Edition** — the optimized global edition