
Resumen Este artículo ofrece una revisión narrativa de 20 estudios recientes sobre la menopausia, seleccionados por el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en el marco del Día Mundial de la Menopausia 2025. Su objetivo es brindar a médicos familiares una visión integral, actualizada y humanista sobre esta etapa vital, abordando sus implicaciones clínicas, psicosociales y culturales. La menopausia se presenta como un proceso biopsicosocial que afecta la salud cardiovascular, neurocognitiva, mental, sexual y metabólica de la mujer. Se documenta un aumento del riesgo aterosclerótico en mujeres sin terapia hormonal, así como una asociación entre síntomas severos y riesgo suicida. La menopausia quirúrgica se vincula con deterioro cognitivo, mientras que factores como la dieta, la diabetes tipo 2 y los antecedentes ginecológicos modulan su inicio y evolución. El artículo destaca la influencia del contexto sociocultural en la vivencia menopáusica, con estudios en Reino Unido, Australia y México que evidencian la importancia de las redes de apoyo, los determinantes comerciales y las condiciones socioeconómicas. También se abordan los desafíos tecnológicos en el acceso a información confiable y se propone una aplicación móvil para mejorar la toma de decisiones clínicas. La discusión enfatiza el rol del médico familiar como acompañante clínico y emocional, capaz de integrar evidencia científica con sensibilidad narrativa. Se concluye que abordar la menopausia con dignidad, ciencia y empatía es una responsabilidad ética del primer nivel de atención. Abstract This article presents a narrative review of 20 recent studies on menopause, selected by the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) for World Menopause Day 2025. Its aim is to provide family physicians with an updated, comprehensive, and humanistic perspective on this vital stage, addressing its clinical, psychosocial, and cultural implications. Menopause is a biopsychosocial process that affects cardiovascular, neurocognitive, mental, sexual, and metabolic health. Evidence shows increased atherosclerotic risk in women without hormone therapy, as well as a link between severe symptoms and suicidal risk. Surgical menopause is associated with cognitive decline, while factors such as diet, type 2 diabetes, and gynecological history influence its onset and progression. The article highlights the sociocultural context shaping menopausal experiences, with studies from the UK, Australia, and Mexico underscoring the role of support networks, commercial determinants, and socioeconomic conditions. It also addresses technological challenges in accessing reliable information and proposes a mobile app to improve clinical decision-making. The discussion emphasizes the role of family physicians as clinical and emotional companions, capable of integrating scientific evidence with narrative sensitivity. The conclusion affirms that approaching menopause with dignity, science, and empathy is an ethical responsibility of primary care.
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