Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is widely known for his contributions to social justice, constitutional development, and the upliftment of marginalized communities. However, his significant work in shaping India’s water and irrigation policies remains an underexplored area of research. This paper examines Dr. Ambedkar’s advocacy for irrigation projects, focusing on his vision for sustainable rural development. Through an analysis of key policies, institutional frameworks, and major irrigation projects initiated under his leadership, the paper highlights his enduring influence on India’s rural economy. It also contextualizes the impact of these policies on agricultural productivity and economic empowerment in rural areas. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s legacy extends beyond his contributions to social justice and constitutional development to his pioneering role in shaping India’s water resource management policies. During his tenure as a member of the Viceroy’s Executive Council (1942–1946), Ambedkar championed large-scale irrigation projects aimed at supporting rural livelihoods. This paper examines his advocacy for equitable water distribution, the establishment of institutional frameworks, and his role in initiating major irrigation projects. Through a critical analysis of these initiatives, the paper highlights Ambedkar’s long-lasting influence on India’s rural economy and the relevance of his water management vision to contemporary challenges.