The Late Francoism Dataset (base de datos del tardofranquismo) covers 614 profiles of those occupying the top positions in economic, political, and cultural Francoist institutions. It provides a basis for assessing whether these individuals remained in positions of power after the Spanish transition. For each profile, the dataset captures a series of socio-demographic characteristics and information regarding professional and intellectual careers. In terms of careers, the dataset includes more than 5400 jobs aof 614 individuals over more than 50 years (totaling more than 18,000 observations of individual importance per year). The dataset allows the comparison of elites' positions over time, both during the dictatorship and the democratic period. The data also helps researchers to establish the extent to which different elites remained in power and the characteristics that determined their survival after democratization.