The files contain the raw luminescence data used to calculate the equivalent doses and ages cited in the study by Schmidt et al.: Evidence for the oldest Middle Palaeolithic cave occupation in the Romanian Carpathians. The .seq files contain the measurement parameters, while the .binx files contain the results (.binx files can be read by the Analyst software thta can be downloaded for free here: https://users.aber.ac.uk/ggd/). DRT: Dose recovery test PHP: Preheat plateau test The .csv files contain all parameters used to calculate the final ages, which were derived by using the software DRAC (Durcan et al., 2015). The two scenarios considering the shielding of the cave overburden for calculation of the cosmic dose rate refer to the two different .csv files, according to their name.