Demography studies the laws of population growth and development of each socio-economic system separately, because the law of population growth specific to each socio-economic formation has a direct impact on the demographic situation. A large amount of data is used in the study of demographic processes. In most countries, demographic data are collected by statistical organizations. They reflect the number, composition and demographic processes of the population, and include numerical tables and diagrammatic data on these issues, scientific sources, and the results of sociological-demographic research. This article analyzes the dynamic growth of the population of the Republic of Uzbekistan in recent years, the history of demographic development, the location and density of the population, the process of natural reproduction in the country, the level of population migration and urbanization, and the national structure of the country’s population.