This policy brief analyzes the institution of nationality and its status as a human right to understand how a State exercises its sovereign right to define its nationals. Thus, the duty imposed on States to avoid statelessness is investigated, noting that the improvement of national legislation, as well as access to institutions responsible for analyzing statelessness situations, are fundamental to the eradication of political marginalization and social protection of stateless persons under the provisions of Sustainable Development Goal No. 10. From this perspective, the recognition of the status of stateless persons in the Brazilian Migration Law is analyzed based on the international Conventions that form part of the protection regime for stateless persons.