Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: IEEE Copyright
Data sources: Crossref
ZENODO
Preprint . 2023
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2023
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2023
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
versions View all 8 versions
addClaim

This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

You have already added 0 works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.

The Role of Sensorimotor Contingencies and Eye Scanpath Entropy in Presence in Virtual Reality: A Reinforcement Learning Paradigm

Authors: Küçüktütüncü, Esen; Macia-Varela, Francisco; Llobera, Joan; Slater, Mel; Slater, Mel;

The Role of Sensorimotor Contingencies and Eye Scanpath Entropy in Presence in Virtual Reality: A Reinforcement Learning Paradigm

Abstract

Sensorimotor contingencies refer to the rules by which we naturally use our body to perceive – looking around, bending down, leaning forward to better see or hear something. It has been argued that to the extent that a virtual reality (VR) application affords natural sensorimotor contingencies for perception so the greater likelihood that participants will experience Place Illusion (PI), the illusion of 'being there' (a component of presence) in the environment depicted by the displays. However, in spite of numerous studies this only has anecdotal support, including the fact that almost all studies rely on questionnaires. Here we used a reinforcement learning (RL) paradigm where 26 participants experienced a VR scenario where the RL agent could sequentially propose changes to 5 binary factors: mono or stereo vision, 3 or 6 degrees of freedom head tracking, mono or spatialised sound, low or high display resolution, or one of two colour schemes. The first 4 are sensorimotor contingencies, whereas the change to colour is not. Participants could reject or accept the changes proposed by the RL, with this continuing until convergence. Participants were more likely to accept changes from low to high sensorimotor contingencies than changes to the colour. Additionally, theory has suggested that increased PI should be associated with lower entropy of eye scanpaths, corresponding to what has been observed in reality. The results show that mean entropy did decrease over time and the final level of entropy was negatively correlated with a post exposure questionnaire-based assessment of PI.

Related Organizations
  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
Related to Research communities
Upload OA version
Are you the author of this publication? Upload your Open Access version to Zenodo!
It’s fast and easy, just two clicks!