Stimulation of Lipogenesis by Pharmacological Activation of the Liver X Receptor Leads to Production of Large, Triglyceride-rich Very Low Density Lipoprotein Particles
Copyright policy )Stimulation of Lipogenesis by Pharmacological Activation of the Liver X Receptor Leads to Production of Large, Triglyceride-rich Very Low Density Lipoprotein Particles
The oxysterol-activated liver X receptor (LXR) provides a link between sterol and fatty acid metabolism; activation of LXR induces transcription of lipogenic genes. This study shows that induction of the lipogenic genes Srebp-1c, Fas, and Acc1 upon administration of the synthetic LXR agonist T0901317 to C57BL/6J mice (10 mg/kg/day, 4 days) is associated with massive hepatic steatosis along the entire liver lobule and a 2.5-fold increase in very low density lipoprotein-triglyceride (VLDL-TG) secretion. The increased VLDL-TG secretion was fully accounted for by formation of larger (129 +/- 9 nm versus 94 +/- 12 nm, a 2.5-fold increase of particle volume) TG-rich particles. Stimulation of VLDL-TG secretion did not lead to elevated plasma TG levels in C57BL/6J mice, indicating efficient particle metabolism and clearance. However, T0901317 treatment did lead to severe hypertriglyceridemia in mouse models of defective TG-rich lipoprotein clearance, i.e. APOE*3-Leiden transgenic mice (3.2-fold increase) and apoE-/- LDLr-/- double knockouts (12-fold increase). Incubation of rat hepatoma McA-RH7777 cells with T0901317 also resulted in intracellular TG accumulation and enhanced TG secretion. We conclude that, in addition to raising high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, pharmacological LXR activation in mice leads to development of hepatic steatosis and secretion of atherogenic, large TG-rich VLDL particles.
- Amsterdam UMC Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen Netherlands
- Delft University of Technology Netherlands
- University of Groningen Netherlands
- University Hospital Groningen Netherlands
Male, CHOLESTEROL EFFLUX, Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated, Receptors, Retinoic Acid, ORPHAN NUCLEAR RECEPTORS, RAT-LIVER, OXYSTEROL RECEPTORS, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Lipoproteins, VLDL, APOLIPOPROTEIN-E, Cell Line, ACID METABOLISM, Mice, Apolipoproteins E, Animalia, Mus musculus, Animals, Phospholipid Transfer Proteins, Triglycerides, Liver X Receptors, TRANSGENIC MICE, RESPONSE PATHWAY, Hypertriglyceridemia, Sulfonamides, Receptors, Thyroid Hormone, LXR-ALPHA, Anticholesteremic Agents, Membrane Proteins, Orphan Nuclear Receptors, Lipids, Rats, DNA-Binding Proteins, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Receptors, LDL, ELEMENT, Liver, Carrier Proteins
Male, CHOLESTEROL EFFLUX, Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated, Receptors, Retinoic Acid, ORPHAN NUCLEAR RECEPTORS, RAT-LIVER, OXYSTEROL RECEPTORS, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Lipoproteins, VLDL, APOLIPOPROTEIN-E, Cell Line, ACID METABOLISM, Mice, Apolipoproteins E, Animalia, Mus musculus, Animals, Phospholipid Transfer Proteins, Triglycerides, Liver X Receptors, TRANSGENIC MICE, RESPONSE PATHWAY, Hypertriglyceridemia, Sulfonamides, Receptors, Thyroid Hormone, LXR-ALPHA, Anticholesteremic Agents, Membrane Proteins, Orphan Nuclear Receptors, Lipids, Rats, DNA-Binding Proteins, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Receptors, LDL, ELEMENT, Liver, Carrier Proteins
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