Using the maximum-likelihood method with the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm of PYPOP, high-resolution human leukocyte antigen (HLA) three-locus haplotypes (HLA-A, -B, and -C; HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1) and four-locus haplotypes (HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1) were determined. Linkage disequilibrium of high-resolution HLA-B and -C alleles and HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles was also calculated. Comparison of the Taiwanese haplotypes and haplotypes from donors in the Chinese Han population, the Asia Pacific Islander ethnic category of the NMDP (National Marrow Donor Program), and the Taiwanese cord blood units demonstrated similarities and dissimilarities among the four populations. HLA allele frequencies of our study suggested that the Taiwanese have a relative population relationship with the southern Han Chinese with regard to HLA. Our results also indicated that the Taiwanese population exhibits genetic proximity with Asian Americans with regard to HLA-A and -DRB1 but not HLA-B.