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Rombencefalites : ensaio iconográfico

Authors: Campos, Lillian Gonçalves; Trindade, Regis Augusto Reis; Faistauer, Angela; Pérez, Juliano Adams; Vedolin, Leonardo Modesti; Duarte, Juliana Ávila;

Rombencefalites : ensaio iconográfico

Abstract

The term rhombencephalitis refers to inflammatory diseases affecting the hindbrain (brainstem and cerebellum). Rhombencephalitis has a wide variety of etiologies, including infections, autoimmune diseases, and paraneoplastic syndromes. Infection with bacteria of the genus Listeria is the most common cause of rhombencephalitis. Primary rhombencephalitis caused by infection with Listeria spp. occurs in healthy young adults. It usually has a biphasic time course with a flu-like syndrome, followed by brainstem dysfunction; 75% of patients have cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, and nearly 100% have an abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging scan. However, other possible causes of rhombencephalitis must be borne in mind. In addition to the clinical aspects, the patterns seen in magnetic resonance imaging can be helpful in defining the possible cause. Some of the reported causes of rhombencephalitis are potentially severe and life threatening; therefore, an accurate initial diagnostic approach is important to establishing a proper early treatment regimen. This pictorial essay reviews the various causes of rhombencephalitis and the corresponding magnetic resonance imaging findings, by describing illustrative confirmed cases.

O termo rombencefalite se refere a doenças inflamatórias que afetam o rombencéfalo (tronco cerebral e cerebelo). Rombencefalites possuem grande variedade de causas, incluindo infecciosas, autoimunes e síndromes paraneoplásicas. Listeria é a causa mais comum das rombencefalites infecciosas. A rombencefalite primária por Listeria ocorre em adultos jovens e saudáveis, com um curso de tempo bifásico, como uma síndrome gripal acompanhada de disfunção do tronco cerebral. Em 75% dos pacientes manifesta-se pleiocitose no líquido cefalorraquidiano e em quase 100% a ressonância magnética cerebral é anormal. Mas há outras causas possíveis para rombencefalites que devem ser lembradas. Além de aspectos clínicos, os padrões de imagem encontrados na ressonância magnética podem ser úteis na definição da possível causa. Algumas das causas descritas de rombencefalites são potencialmente graves e fatais; assim, uma abordagem diagnóstica inicial precisa é importante para estabelecer um tratamento precoce adequado. Este ensaio iconográfico revisa as diversas causas de rombencefalites e os seus achados de ressonância magnética, por meio de casos ilustrativos confirmados. Unitermos: Encefalite; Rombencéfalo; Ressonância magnética.

Keywords

Rhombencephalon, Espectroscopia de ressonância magnética, Magnetic resonance imaging, Listeria, Diagnóstico, Etiologia, Encephalitis, Rombencéfalo, Encefalite, Patologia

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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