International audience; Following the pattern of Marie-Dominique Chenu’s La théologie comme science au XIIIe siècle is researched here the link between theology and science according to Jewish medieval theologians (Saadia Gaon, Judah ha-Levi, Maimonides, Gersonides, Hasdai Crescas and Joseph Albo), beginning with definitions by Bahya Ibn Paquda, Maimonides and the Israeli scholar Dov Schwartz and using the following criteria : what the « truth » of the Revelation means ; the way the Holy Writ expresses its teachings ; the nature of its « wisdom » ; dialectical discourse and truth ; logical nature and role of the so-called principles of faith ; the use of logics in the theological discourse. There exists a watershed of sorts between those thinkers according to which the contents of Revelation and (Aristotelian) science were the same (using other words and a different order), notwithstanding a few apparent incompatibilities, and those who thought that the two forms of knowledge were deeply different.