Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy is based on the lesion of blood supply to the optic nerve head. The disease presents decrease of visual acuity and altitudinal field defects with optic dics oedema in ophthalmoscopic view, which progresses in optic atrophy. Anatomy, pathogenesis, causes, clinical picture and management are discussed. 20% of patients from the group treated with vasodilatants and 50% of those treated with corticosteroids improved their visual acuity.