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Control de la carga externa del microciclo estructurado

Authors: Martín García, Andrés;

Control de la carga externa del microciclo estructurado

Abstract

L'entrenament en els esports d'equip i en concret en el futbol, ha estat influenciat per diferents teories i models de planificació. Sota aquest influx, el Microcicle Estructurat es proposa com a unitat conceptual ajustant-se al cicle competitiu setmanal. Les característiques del rival, la identificació de càrregues o les necessitats de l'equip, porten a la Microestructura a proposar una gestió de la periodització de l'entrenament en diferents fases. La importància d'aquesta metodologia en el món de l'esport i en l'estructura social contemporània ens motiva a analitzar aquesta proposta innovadora d'una forma quantitativa, buscant les característiques que la defineixin de forma precisa per facilitar la seva aplicació rigorosa i sistemàtica. Per aquest motiu l'objectiu d'aquesta tesi va ser identificar les característiques dels diferents paràmetres de la càrrega externa que defineixen el ME: com són la Planificació, la competició i les situacions simuladores preferencials (Partits d'entrenament i Jocs de posició) usant la tecnologia GPS com a eina de recollida de dades. En els diferents estudis van participar jugadors de futbol (20.5 ± 1.8 anys, 178.4 ± 6.6 cm, 69.7 ± 6.1 kg) pertanyents a l'equip filial d'un club de la 1ª divisió espanyola, durant la temporada 2015-2016. Els jugadors es van agrupar d'acord amb la seva posició de joc habitual durant la competició: centrals (DC), laterals (DL), pivots (PIV), interiors (INT) i davanters (DEL). Les variables registrades per quantificar la càrrega externa van ser: la distància total recorreguda (DT, m); la distància recorreguda a alta velocitat (DAV, m>19.8 km-1); la distància recorreguda en esprint (SPR, m> 25.2 km-1); el nombre d'acceleracions d'alta intensitat (ACC, n>3 m·s-2, nombre); el nombre de deceleracions d'alta intensitat (DEC, n25.5 W·kg-1). Dels resultats dels diferents estudis presentats es pot concloure que les activitats que realitza un jugador de futbol són estocàstiques i multidimensionals, per tant, cal considerar les activitats individuals i posicionals que defineixen el procés d'entrenament, ajustant aquestes necessitats a les exigències que demana la competició en tots els seus registres.

The training in team sports and specifically in football, has been influenced by different theories and planning models. Under this influence, the Structured Microcycle is proposed as a conceptual unit adjusting to the weekly cycle. The characteristics of the rival, the identification of loads or the needs of the team, lead the Microstructure to propose a periodization management of the training in different phases. The importance of this methodology in the world of sport and in the contemporary social structure motivates us to analyze this phenomenon in a quantitative way, looking for the characteristics that define it precisely and with the possibility of being applied systematically. For this reason, the objective of this thesis was to identify the characteristics of the different parameters of the external load that define the SM: Planning, competition and preferential simulation situations (training games and position games) using GPS technology as a tool for collecting data. In the different studies, soccer players participated (20.5 ± 1.8 years, 178.4 ± 6.6 cm, 69.7 ± 6.1 kg) belonging to the subsidiary team of a club from the Spanish 1st division, during the 2015- 2016 season. The players were grouped according to their usual playing position during the competition: central defender (CD), fullback (FB), midfielder (MF), wide midfielder (WMF) and forward (FW). The variables recorded to quantify the external load were: the total distance travelled (TD, m); the distance travelled at high speed (HSR, m>19.8 km-1); the distance travelled in sprint (SPR, m> 25.2 km-1); the number of high-intensity accelerations (ACC, n>3 m·s-2, number); the high intensity decelerations number (DEC 25.5 W·kg-1). From the results of the different studies presented it can be concluded that the activities carried out by a soccer player are stochastic and multidimensional, therefore, it is necessary to consider the individual and positional activities that define the training process, adjusting these needs to the demands which are required by the competition in all its registers.

Programa de Doctorat Activitat Física, Educació Física i Esport

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Entrenamiento (Deporte), Futbol, Soccer, Ciències de l'Educació, Coaching (Athletics), Fútbol, Entrenament (Esport), 79

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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