Arterio-venous malformations (AVMs) and dural arterio-venous fistulas (AVFs) are relatively rare developmental vascular system disorders and constitute the majority of vascular malformations of the nervous system. The malformations are characterized by a large variety of vascular architecture. Intracranial or intramedullary hemorrhage constitute the most serious complications of the malformations. The algorithm of management aiming at complete recovery or hemorrhage prevention has not been completely established yet due to considerable individual variability of malformations. The obliteration of malformations pathological vessels using cyanoacrylate glue or ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH)--so called endovascular embolization--has been the most dynamically developing treatment method recently. The procedure, unlike classical surgical resection of pathological vessels, is significantly less invasive and associated with shorter hospitalization period. The features and properties of embolization agents (cyanoacrylate and EVOH) as well as application of the agents for treatment of the vascular pathologies of the central nervous system are discussed in the paper. The procedure of endovascular introduction of embolization agents into the lumen of malformation vessels is also presented in the article. The analyzed literature and own experiences allow to claim that the application of cyanoacrylate and EVOH is a relatively safe therapeutic method that in part of the cases enables complete embolization of pathological vessels. The development of endovascular systems and the advances in embolization agents should trigger further intensive improvement of the technique.