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Lectura interpretada del antibiograma en bacterias gram positivas y negativas

Authors: Becerra Gómez, Raúl;

Lectura interpretada del antibiograma en bacterias gram positivas y negativas

Abstract

La lectura interpretada del antibiograma permite predecir mecanismos de resistencia mediante el análisis fenotípico de los resultados obtenidos en la prueba de sensibilidad. Dentro de las bacterias Gram positivas, la resistencia a oxacilina por la adquisición del gen mecA, es uno de los mecanismos de resistencia a beta-lactámicos de mayor relevancia en S. aureus. Este microorganismo presenta también otros fenotipos importantes como son la resistencia a macrólidos-lincosamidas-estroptograminas B (MLSB) por la producción de metilasas y/o sistemas de expulsión activa; y la sensibilidad intermedia a glucopéptidos por la alteración de la pared celular y el aumento de expresión de la Proteína Fijadora de Penicilina 2 (PBP2). Por otro lado, el fenotipo de resistencia más importante en S. pneumoniae es aquel que confiere resistencia a beta-lactámicos por la modificación estructural de las PBP en presencia del gen murM. Este microorganismo presenta otros fenotipos como son la resistencia a MLSB por mecanismos similares a los de S. aureus; y la resistencia a quinolonas. Por último, los enterococos muestran resistencia intrínseca de bajo nivel a aminoglucósidos por la alteración del transporte del antibiótico al interior de la bacteria; y resistencia a glucopéptidos como la vancomicina por la adquisición del gen VanA y VanB. En cuanto a las bacterias Gram negativas, como son las pertenecientes a la familia Enterobacteriaceae y Pseudomonas aeruginosa, el principal fenotipo es aquel que confiere resistencia a beta-lactámicos por la expresión de distintos tipos de betalactamasas.

Keywords

Microbiología (Farmacia), 3302.03 Microbiología Industrial, 579, Microbiología

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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