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Acuicultura en Costa Rica

Authors: Peña Navarro, Nelson; Chacón Guzmán, Jonathan;

Acuicultura en Costa Rica

Abstract

Costa Rica puede ser un país pequeño en área terrestre (51,000 km2) pero tiene abundantes recursos de agua dulce de sus cordilleras, un clima tropical y una zona económica marina exclusiva de casi 600,000 km2 que hacen que el país sea adecuado para el desarrollo de la acuicultura. La acuicultura de agua dulce comenzó en la década de 1960 con el objetivo de promover el desarrollo socioeconómico en áreas rurales mediante la adopción de tecnologías para producir las especies introducidas de tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus y Sarotherodon melanopleura (FAO 2016). En las décadas que siguieron, se llevó a cabo el cultivo experimental de la trucha arcoíris Oncorhynchus mykiss y el langostino de agua dulce Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Gálvez y Guenther 1987). La acuicultura marina comenzó en la década de 1970 con el cultivo de los camarones Litopenaeus vannamei, L. stylirostris y L. occidentales (FAO 2016, Nanne 1986). En la década de 1990, se inició la producción de semillas y el cultivo de la ostra del Pacífico Crassostrea gigas y las primeras investigaciones con el pargo lunarejo Lutjanus guttatus (Arias et al. 1998, Gutiérrez- Vargas y Durán-Delgado 1999).

Según el Instituto Costarricense de Pesca y Acuicultura (INCOPESCA), la producción nacional de acuicultura por especies en 2018 estuvo compuesta por 80 por ciento de tilapia (16,667 t), 13 por ciento de camarón marino (2,689 t), 4 por ciento de trucha arcoíris (827 t) y 3 por ciento de pargo (600 t) (Figs. 1 y 2; INCOPESCA 2019). La producción de ostras y langostinos de agua dulce ocurre, pero solo a pequeña escala, generando alrededor de 16.5 y 4 t, respectivamente (INCOPESCA 2019). Alrededor del 76 por ciento de la producción total de tilapia corresponde a la producción de Acuacorporación Internacional S.A., ubicada cerca de Cañas, provincia de Guanacaste.

Keywords

CULTIVOS ACUÍCOLAS, ACUICULTURA DE AGUA DULCE, ZONA ECONÓMICA MARINA, ESPECIES ACUÍCOLAS EMERGENTES, ACUICULTURA

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green