Uvod in namen: Dejavniki tveganja za bolečino v križu (BvK) so številni in raznoliki. Med biološke dejavnike tveganja za nastanek BvK uvrščamo starost, spol, morfološke značilnosti, mišično zmogljivost, gibljivost in dednost, med psiho-socialne dejavnike pa naravo dela (sedeči poklici in uporaba računalnikov), psihične obremenitve, slaba samopodobo in stres. Namen diplomskega dela je pregled literature o najpogostejših dejavnikih tveganja za nastanek BvK in njihova razvrstitev po pomembnosti. Metode: Pregled literature podatkovnih baz Cobiss, PubMed in Google Scholar. Vključitveni dejavniki so zajemali študije tipa metaanalize, pregledni članki ter klinične študije z datumom objave po letu 2000. Izključitveni kriterij je zajemal študije z vzorcem manjšim od 70 preiskovancev. Rezultati: Najpomembnejši dejavniki tveganja za nastanek BvK so staranje, pridružene bolezni, dolgotrajna prisilna drža, zmanjšana zmogljivost mišic trupa, zmanjšana gibljivost v kolčnem in kolenskem sklepu, telesna neaktivnost, prakticiranje športa na visoki ravni, dolgotrajno nošenje pretežke šolske torbe, kajenje, motne spanja in izpostavljenost stresu. Uporabnost: Poznavanje dejavnikov tveganja za nastanek BvK omogoča oblikovanje preventivnih programov ki vključujejo pravilno gibanje, zmanjšanje telesne teže, zgodnje prepoznavanje simptomov, redne preventivne preglede in ergonomsko delovno okolje. Omejitve: Nedostopnost polnega besedila nekaterih člankov.

Introduction and purpose: The risk factors for low back pain (LBP) are many and varied. Biological risk factors for the occurrence of LBP include age, gender, morphological characteristics, muscle capacity, mobility and heredity and psycho-social factors include the nature of work (sedentary professions and the use of computers), mental stress, poor self-esteem and stress. The purpose of the thesis is to review literature on the most common risk factors for the occurrence of LBP and prioritize them. Methods: Literature review of the Cobiss, PubMed and Google scholar databases. Inclusion factors included meta-analysis type studies, review articles and clinical studies with a date of publication after 2000. The exclusion criterion included studies with a sample of less than 70 subjects. Results: The most important risk factors are spinal ageing, associated diseases, fatigue, prolonged forced posture, reduced muscle capacity of the torso, decreased mobility in the knee and knee joint, physical inactivity, high-level sports practice, prolonged wearing of overweight school bags, smoking, opaque sleep, exposure to stress. Applicability: Knowledge of LBP risk factors allows the design of prevention programs that include proper movement, weight reduction, early symptom recognition, regular preventive examinations and an ergonomic work environment. Limitations: Inaccessibility of the full text of some articles.