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Preservación de frutas tropicales (Quinoto, Mora y Carambola) aplicando recubrimientos comestibles

Authors: Trela, Valeria Daiana;

Preservación de frutas tropicales (Quinoto, Mora y Carambola) aplicando recubrimientos comestibles

Abstract

En Argentina, la provincia de Misiones, es la que posee mayor producción de mandioca y la industria del “almidón” y sus derivados representan una regular fuente de ingresos en la explotación agraria de la provincia. El almidón puede ser utilizado en la formulación de películas y como material de recubrimientos en frutas, para prolongar su vida útil y resulta interesante por ser económico, abundante, biodegradable y comestible. En el presente trabajo de tesis se desarrolla la síntesis de almidón acetilado de mandioca de grados de sustitución (GS) bajos e intermedios (menores a 1,5; correspondiente al rango de solubilidad en agua). Para ello se utilizaron dos métodos de acetilación, uno para obtener GS bajos, hasta 0,17; y otro para GS más elevados, entre 0,41 y 1,36. A los almidones acetilados se les realizó una caracterización morfológica, funcional y físico-química. La determinación del GS se realizó mediante métodos químicos y la formación del acetato se confirmó con medidas de FTIR. Los almidones acetilados fueron empleados en la obtención de películas mediante el método de moldeo y deshidratación. Se evaluó el efecto del grado de sustitución del almidón acetilado y las concentraciones de polímero y plastificante sobre las propiedades mecánicas, morfológicas y de transporte (permeabilidad) de las películas resultantes. Los resultados permitieron seleccionar ciertas formulaciones para ser aplicadas como recubrimiento en frutas. Los recubrimientos comestibles se aplicaron a tres tipos de frutas con características totalmente diferentes con el fin de evaluar su comportamiento durante su conservación a temperatura de refrigeración. La aplicación de estos recubrimientos resultó satisfactorio en frutas de carambola (mínimamente procesadas) y frutas enteras de quinotos, en cambio, no fue satisfactoria en frutas de mora.

In Argentina, Misiones the province is the one with the highest production of cassava, and the "starch" industry and its derivatives represent a regular source of income in the agricultural production. Starch can be used in the formulation of films and as a coating material in fruits, to prolong its shelf life and is interesting because it is cheap, abundant, biodegradable and edible. In this thesis work, the synthesis of acetylated cassava starch with low and intermediate degrees of substitution (DS) (less than 1.5 corresponding to the range in which the polymer is soluble in water) is developed. For this, two acetylation methods were used, one to obtain low DS, up to 0.17, and the other for higher DS, between 0.41 and 1.36. The acetylated starches underwent a morphological, functional and physicochemical characterization. The determination of the DS was carried out by chemical methods and the formation of the acetate was confirmed with FTIR measurements. Acetylated starches were used to obtain films by casting method. The effect of DS of acetylated starch and the concentrations of polymer and plasticizer on the mechanical, morphological and transport (permeability) properties of the resulting films were analyzed. The results made it possible to select certain formulations to be applied as a coating on fruits. The edible coatings were applied to three types of fruits that have totally different characteristics in order to evaluate their behavior during their conservation at refrigeration temperature. The application of these coatings was satisfactory in carambola fruits (minimally processed) and whole kumquat fruits, on the other hand, it was not satisfactory in blackberry fruits.

Fil: Trela, Valeria Daiana. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Instituto de Materiales de Misiones. Laboratorio de Preservación y Envases. Grupo de Preservación y Envases. Doctorado en Ciencias Aplicadas; Argentina.

Fil: Trela, Valeria Daiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet. Nodo Nordeste. Instituto de Materiales de Misiones. Laboratorio de Preservación y Envases. Grupo de Preservación y Envases; Argentina.

Keywords

Carambola, Kumquat, Cassava starch, Recubrimiento comestible, Quinoto, Almidón acelitado de mandioca, Almidón de mandioca, Películas, Acetylated cassava starches, Edible coating

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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