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Transiciones de fase en sistemas pequeños

Authors: Strachan, Alejandro Hernán;

Transiciones de fase en sistemas pequeños

Abstract

En esta tesis estudiamos procesos de fragmentación en gotas clásicasdesde un punto de vista microscópico. Utilizamos la técnica de dinámicamolecular para simular el proceso de expansión y fragmentación de gotasexcitadas térmicamente. Estudiamos gotas tridimensionales formadas por N = 147 partículas y bidimensionales de masa N = 100; en ambos caso laspartículas interactúan mediante el potencial de Lennard Jones. Estudiamos el proceso de formación y emisión de fragmentos, utilizandoavanzados algoritmos de reconocimiento de estructuras. Demostramos quelos fragmentos se forman en el espacio de fases mucho antes de ser emitidos, i.e. antes de formarse en el espacio de las configuraciones. Proponemos y calculamos tres definiciones de temperatura para los sistemasen expansión, relacionadas a distintos grados de libertad: la temperaturalocal, la temperatura interna de los fragmentos y la temperaturalocal de fragmentos. Encontramos que las distintas definiciones dan valoressimilares, lo que indica que el sistema alcanza cierto grado de equilibriolocal. Poder definir una temperatura en simulaciones de fragmentación nospermite extender el concepto de la curva calórica (temperatura vs. energía),para abarcar el proceso de fragmentación. La temperatura del sistema enel momento de formación de fragmentos es independiente de la energía entodo el rango estudiado, por lo que el fenómeno de fragmentación aparececomo un “plateau” en la curva calórica. Por otro lado investigamos diversas señales que pueden indicar la presenciade un fenómeno crítico en fragmentación. Hicimos esto mediante elanálisis del máximo exponente de Lyapunov local en el tiempo, de los espectrosde masa y las fluctuaciones normalizadas de la masa del máximofragmento y de energía potencial en función de la energía total del sistema. Encontramos que existen señales que indican la posibilidad de una transiciónde fase de segundo orden para una dada excitación. Para demostrareste punto es necesario realizar mas estudios.

In this thesis we study the process of fragmentation of small, classicaldrops, from a microscopic point of view. We performed molecular dynamicscomputer experiments in order to study the expansion and disassembly ofthermally excited drops. We considered three dimensional drops formed by N = 147 particles and two dimensional drops with N = 100; in both casesthe particles interact via the Lennard Jones pair potential. We studied the process of fragment formation and emission, using advancedcluster recognition algorithms. We showed that the fragments formin phase space, long before they are emitted. We define and calculate three different temperatures related to differentdegrees of freedom: the local temperature, the cluster internal temperatureand the cluster local temperature. We showed that the different definitionsof temperature yield very similar values, which means that the expandingsystem attains local equilibrium. Being able to define temperature in our simulations enables us to extendthe concept of caloric curve (temperature vs. energy), to the high energyregion of fragmentation. We find that the temperature at break-up time isalmost independent of the total energy of the system, and consequently tothe way it disassembles. In this way the process of fragmentation appearsas a plateau in the caloric curve. We also studied several signals that might indicate the presence of a criticalphenomena in fragmentation. In order to achieve this goal we analyzedthe local maximum Lyapunov exponent, the mass spectra and normalizedfluctuations of the size of the maximum cluster per event and fluctuationsof potential energy. We found that several signals indicate the possible thepresence of a second order phase transition. In order to prove this statementmore studies are needed.

Fil: Strachan, Alejandro Hernán. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.

Country
Argentina
Related Organizations
Keywords

FENOMENOS CRITICOS, PHASE TRANSITIONS IN SMALL SYSTEMS, FISICA COMPUTACIONAL, TRANSICIONES DE FASE EN SISTEMAS FINITOS, MOLECULAR DYNAMICS, FRAGMENTATION, COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS, CLUSTERS, CRITICAL PHENOMENA, 530, FRAGMENTACION, DINAMICA MOLECULAR, 510

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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