The literature data are adduced concerning the problem of the abdominal cavity temporary closure after performance of operative intervention in the enhanced intraabdominal pressure conditions, in particular in patients with diffuse peritonitis, extended abdominal wall defect, abdominal trauma and intestinal ischemia. Retrospective analysis of the treatment results was conducted in 35 patients with peritonitis and abdominal trauma, in whom the laparostomy method was applied in the clinic. The operations for the abdominal wall restoration or the operative wound edges approximation were performed under the intraabdominal pressure control. Application of the method of the abdominal cavity temporary closure in the treatment of severe forms of peritonitis have promoted the complications rate lowering, the treatment duration reduction and the patients quality of life improvement.